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Pappanji

Pappanji
Pappanji burning in 2011
Other name(s)Papanji, Papanhi
CountryIndia
RegionFort Kochi, Ernakulam district, Kerala

Pappanji (also spelled as Papanhi or Papanji) is an effigy of an old man, prepared as part of the New Year celebrations in Fort Kochi, Kerala. It is prepared in the form of an old man as a symbol of the passing year. With Pappanji being burned at midnight on the last day of December, the concept is that the year is over. Although thought to have originated from the remnants of the Christmas and New Year celebrations of the Portuguese, it is now considered a secular festival.

Etymology

In many parts of Kerala, Santa Claus is sometimes referred locally as Christmas Pappanji.[1] But Pappanji has nothing to do with Santa Claus.[2][3]

Origin

Some historians says that the Pappanji burning ceremony in Kochi is thought to have originated from the remnants of the Christmas and New Year celebrations of the Portuguese who ruled Fort Kochi region from 1503 to 1663.[4] With the permission of the then Cochin king, they built a fort called Fort Emmanuel, which is thought to be the first European fort in India and established a small city called Santa Cruz around the fort.[4] Churches and other institutions were also built there. As Catholics, they celebrated Christmas and New Year magnificently. The Pappanji burning is believed to have originated from the remnants of this culture.[4]

Some other believes that the myth of Pappanji was originated from the Jewish culture of the coast of Kerala, which has a history of over two thousand years.[5] The historic Paradesi Synagogue at Mattancherry, near Fort Kochi, records the arrival of Jewish settlers in 70 AD.[6] On the eighth day of the Feast of Enoch, which commemorates the defeat of the Greek army and the recapture of their land, the effigy of the Greek general Bagris is burned after Torah reading.[5] Straw and dry grass are used for making the effigy. Salt and green leaves are inserted into it to create a small crack while burning.[5] It is believed that the burning of Pappanji in Kochi may have been borrowed from the ritual of burning the Bagris.[5] The Pappanji burning ceremony takes place on the eighth day after Christmas Eve, similar to the festival of Enoch.[5]

Concept

At midnight on 31 December, the New Year is celebrated by lighting the Pappanji, the symbol of the passing year.[4] The concept is to burn that year and hopefully move on to the new year.[4]

Celebration

Pappanji burning, Fort Kochi in 2011

The tradition of making and burning Pappanji has been around in Kochi since long. In the early days, during Christmas-new year days, it was common for children to make small Pappanjis along the way.[4] Wearing a coat, suit, hat and shoes, Pappanji looked like an old European man smoking a cigar.[7][8] There were hundreds of such Pappanjis can be seen in the streets of Fort Kochi, all made with old clothes filled with straw.[9] But later the number decreased, and then for a while people prepared Pappanji in the shape of Santa Claus too.[8] However, the Pappanji later regained its old form.

With the adoption of the Pappanji burning ritual by the Cochin Carnival, it became a widespread celebration.[4] As part of the carnival, a huge effigy of Pappanji is made, and burned at the Fort Kochi Beach. The Cochin Carnival was started in 1985 by a group of young people in Kochi following the Beach Fest held as part of the United Nations 'Youth Year' celebrations.[10] Although it had roots of Portuguese catholic culture, Pappanji burning ceremony is now considered a secular festival.[11]

With the launch of the Kochi-Muziris Biennale in 2012, the production of Pappanji was spearheaded by the Kochi Biennale Foundation.[4] Since then, Pappanji has been prepared by some of the best artists in Kerala. The Pappanji burning ceremony attracts thousands of tourists, including foreigners to Kochi during New Year's Eve.[12][13][14] The traditional burning of Papanji drew criticism when several people, including women, were injured in a stampede, in 2023.[12] Following this, to control the crowd, the authorities are mulling to hold the burning of Papanji, which attracts thousands to Fort Kochi, at multiple beaches in Ernakulam, including Vypin, Kuzhupilly and Cherai.[15]

See also

References

  1. ^ "നാടാകെ ക്രിസ്മസ് തിമിര്‍പ്പില്‍". Deshabhimani (in Malayalam). Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  2. ^ "New Year in Fort Kochi: 'Pappanji', Carnival and more". The Week. Archived from the original on 19 May 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  3. ^ Prakash, Asha (4 January 2015). "The old man finally gets his colours right". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 25 February 2016. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h "കൊച്ചിയുടെ സ്വന്തം പപ്പാഞ്ഞി; വേറെ നാടുണ്ടോ ഇതു പോലെ ?". ManoramaOnline (in Malayalam). Archived from the original on 6 February 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  5. ^ a b c d e "Pappanji". Malayala Manorama Daily -Sunday Special Issue (in Malayalam). 20 March 2016.
  6. ^ Connel, Daniel (27 February 2020). "The Pappanji of Kochi". garlandmag.com. Garland Magazine. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  7. ^ "കൊച്ചിയിൽ പുതുവത്സരത്തിന് പപ്പാഞ്ഞിയില്ല; 35 വർഷത്തിനിടെ ആദ്യം !". ManoramaOnline (in Malayalam). Archived from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  8. ^ a b "പാപ്പാഞ്ഞിക്കാലം". Mathrubhumi Archives. 29 December 2019. Archived from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  9. ^ S, Priyadershini (31 December 2021). "Fort Kochi misses its date with the Carnival Pappanji again". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  10. ^ "Kochi's iconic giant 'Pappanji' is getting ready for New Year celebrations". The News Minute. 25 December 2019. Archived from the original on 9 May 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  11. ^ Soman, Deepa. "Cheerful Pappanji all set to ring in the New Year". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 4 January 2019. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  12. ^ a b T, Anilkumar (15 December 2023). "Pappanji-burning fete a ticking time bomb: Experts". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
  13. ^ Staff, T. N. M. (1 January 2024). "Fort Kochi's Cochin Carnival sees huge turnout, New Year welcomed in style". The News Minute. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
  14. ^ Francis, Neha Agness (28 November 2023). The Cochin Carnival Unveiled. Notion Press. ISBN 979-8-89186-561-7.
  15. ^ T, Anilkumar (12 January 2023). "Pappanji burning no longer a Fort Kochi event". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pappanji