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Opochka

Opochka
Опочка
Town[1]
Lenina Street in Opochka
Lenina Street in Opochka
Coat of arms of Opochka
Coat of arms
Location of Opochka
Map
Opochka is located in Russia
Opochka
Opochka
Location of Opochka
Opochka is located in Pskov Oblast
Opochka
Opochka
Opochka (Pskov Oblast)
Coordinates: 56°42′N 28°40′E / 56.700°N 28.667°E / 56.700; 28.667
CountryRussia
Federal subjectPskov Oblast[1]
Administrative districtOpochetsky District[1]
Founded1414[2]
Elevation
90 m (300 ft)
Population
 (2010 Census)[3]
 • Total
11,603
 • Capital ofOpochetsky District[4]
 • Municipal districtOpochetsky Municipal District[5]
 • Urban settlementOpochka Urban Settlement[5]
 • Capital ofOpochetsky Municipal District,[6] Opochka Urban Settlement[5]
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK Edit this on Wikidata[7])
Postal code(s)[8]
182330, 182333
OKTMO ID58629101001
Websitewww.opochka-daily.ru

Opochka (Russian: Опо́чка) is a town and the administrative center of Opochetsky District in Pskov Oblast, Russia, located on the Velikaya River, 130 kilometers (81 mi) south of Pskov, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 11,603 (2010 Census);[3] 13,964 (2002 Census);[9] 16,190 (1989 Soviet census).[10]; 9,928 (2021 estimate).[11]

History

Market square on an old postcard

It was founded in 1414.[2] At the time, it was a fortress subordinate to Pskov and protecting it from the south. In 1426, it was besieged by the Lithuanians, and in 1427 by Germans, but it was not conquered.[2] It did, however, burn down in 1441.[2] In 1510, the town was annexed by the Grand Duchy of Moscow, and from 1547 it was part of the Tsardom of Russia. In 1581, it was captured by Polish King Stephen Báthory.[12]

In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, it was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate).[2] Opochka is specifically mentioned as one of the towns making the governorate.[13] In 1727, separate Novgorod Governorate was split off, and in 1772, Pskov Governorate (which between 1777 and 1796 existed as Pskov Viceroyalty) was established.[citation needed] Between 1772 and 1776, Opochka was the seat of the governorate.[14] In 1776, the borders of the governorate were considerably altered, the seat was relocated to Pskov, and Opochka became the seat of Opochetsky Uyezd.[citation needed] In the late 19th century, the town had ten industrial plants, including tanneries.[12] Trade in linen, hides and grain was conducted.[12]

On August 1, 1927, the uyezds and governorates were abolished and Opochetsky District, with the administrative center in Opochka, was established as a part of Pskov Okrug of Leningrad Oblast.[15] It included parts of former Opochetsky and Sebezhsky Uyezds.[16] On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were also abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.[15] On January 29, 1935, the district was transferred to Kalinin Oblast, and on February 5, Opochetsky District became a part of Velikiye Luki Okrug of Kalinin Oblast,[15] one of the okrugs abutting the state boundaries of the Soviet Union. On May 11, 1937, Opochka Okrug with the administrative center in Opochka was established and the district was transferred to the okrug.[15] On February 5, 1941, the okrug was abolished.[15] Between July 8, 1941 and July 15, 1944, Opochka was occupied by German troops.[2] The Germans operated a Sicherheitsdienst camp in the town.[17] In March 1942, the local Jewish population was murdered during mass executions.[18] On August 22, 1944, the district was transferred to newly established Velikiye Luki Oblast.[15] On October 2, 1957, Velikiye Luki Oblast was abolished and Opochetsky District was transferred to Pskov Oblast.[15]

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Opochka serves as the administrative center of Opochetsky District,[4] to which it is directly subordinated.[1] As a municipal division, the town of Opochka is incorporated within Opochetsky Municipal District as Opochka Urban Settlement.[5]

Economy

Industry

There are enterprises of food and textile industries in Opochka.[19]

Transportation

The suspended bridge over the Velikaya River

The M20 Highway, which connects St. Petersburg and Vitebsk via Pskov, passes Opochka. Another road connects Opochka with Sebezh. There are also local roads.

Culture and recreation

Opochka contains five cultural heritage monuments of federal significance and additionally thirty-four objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance.[20] The federally protected monuments are the Intercession Church, the postal station, the Kukolkin House, and the Chernyshyov House, as well as an archeological site.

Notable people

Opochka is the birthplace of architect Lev Rudnev and geologist Nikolai Kudryavtsev.[citation needed]

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d Law #833-oz stipulates that the borders of the administrative districts are identical to the borders of the municipal districts. The Law #420-oz, which describes the borders and the composition of the municipal districts, lists the town of Opochka as a part of Opochetsky District.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 330. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
  3. ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  4. ^ a b Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 58 229», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 58 229, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
  5. ^ a b c d Law #420-oz
  6. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики. Федеральное агентство по технологическому регулированию и метрологии. №ОК 033-2013 1 января 2014 г. «Общероссийский классификатор территорий муниципальных образований. Код 58 629». (Federal State Statistics Service. Federal Agency on Technological Regulation and Metrology. #OK 033-2013 January 1, 2014 Russian Classification of Territories of Municipal Formations. Code 58 629. ).
  7. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  8. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  9. ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  10. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  11. ^ "Оценка численности постоянного населения по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2021 года" [Estimated number of permanent population by municipalities 2021] (in Russian). Archived from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  12. ^ a b c Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom VII (in Polish). Warszawa. 1886. p. 555.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  13. ^ "Указ об учреждении губерний и о росписании к ним городов". constitution.garant.ru.
  14. ^ Коломыцева, Н. В. Псковской губернии 225 лет (in Russian). Краеведческий архив Псковской области. Archived from the original on December 21, 2012. Retrieved August 14, 2012.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g Administrative-Territorial Structure of Pskov Oblast, pp. 11–15
  16. ^ Опочецкий район (август 1927 г. - январь 1935 г.) (in Russian). Справочник истории административно-территориального деления Ленинградской области. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved June 25, 2014.
  17. ^ "SD-Lager Opotschka". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved October 28, 2022.
  18. ^ "YAHAD - IN UNUM". www.yahadmap.org.
  19. ^ Справочник предприятий Псковской области (in Russian). Справочник предприятий Псковской области. Retrieved August 14, 2012.
  20. ^ Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved June 2, 2016.

Sources

  • Псковское областное Собрание депутатов. Закон №833-оз от 5 февраля 2009 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Псковской области». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Псковская правда", №20, 10 февраля 2009 г. (Pskov Oblast Council of Deputies. Law #833-oz of February 5, 2009 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Pskov Oblast. Effective as of the official publication date.).
  • Псковское областное Собрание депутатов. Закон №420-оз от 28 февраля 2005 г. «Об установлении границ и статусе вновь образуемых муниципальных образований на территории Псковской области», в ред. Закона №1542-ОЗ от 5 июня 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Псковской области "Об установлении границ и статусе вновь образуемых муниципальных образований на территории Псковской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Псковская правда", №41–43, №44–46, №49–51, 4 марта 2005 г., 5 марта 2005 г., 11 марта 2005 г. (Pskov Oblast Council of Deputies. Law #420-oz of February 28, 2005 On Establishing the Borders and the Status of the Newly Formed Municipal Formations on the Territory of Pskov Oblast, as amended by the Law #1542-OZ of June 5, 2015 On Amending the Law of Pskov Oblast "On Establishing the Borders and the Status of the Newly Formed Municipal Formations on the Territory of Pskov Oblast". Effective as of the official publication date.).
  • Архивный отдел Псковского облисполкома. Государственный архив Псковской области. "Административно-территориальное деление Псковской области (1917–1988 гг.). Справочник". (Administrative-Territorial Structure of Pskov Oblast (1917–1988). Reference.) Книга I. Лениздат, 1988.
Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opochka