Nothofagus betuloides
| Magellan's beech | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Nothofagaceae |
| Genus: | Nothofagus |
| Subgenus: | Nothofagus subg. Nothofagus |
| Species: | N. betuloides |
| Binomial name | |
| Nothofagus betuloides | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Nothofagus betuloides, Magellan's beech[1] or guindo, is a tree native to southern Patagonia.
In 1769, Sir Joseph Banks collected a specimen of the tree in Tierra del Fuego during Captain Cook's first voyage.[3]
Its occurrence on Hornos Island earns it the distinction of being the southernmost tree on Earth.[4]
Distribution
Nothofagus betuloides grows from southern Chile and southern Argentina (40°S) to Tierra del Fuego (56°S). It is found from sea level to 500 m (1,600 ft) above mean sea level. One specimen growing near the southeastern corner of Hornos Island (Cape Horn) was identified in 2019 as the southernmost tree in the world.[4]
Description
It is an evergreen tree up to 30 m (98 ft) tall, with a branching reaching appearance. In its natural Patagonian environment, it tolerates cold winters and thrives in the absence of heat, but it is not tolerant of persistent freezing. In the exposed sites of its southerly coastal or Andean distribution, the species grows as a wind formed shrub.
Cultivation
Nothofagus betuloides has been cultivated in Scotland and the Faroe Islands, and has grown well there. Trees planted in the Faroe Islands, which were imported directly from its southernmost distribution in Tierra del Fuego, have turned out to be very hardy.[5]
The wood has beautiful marks, and is pinkish, hard, and semiheavy; it is used in furniture and construction.
Illustration from specimens collected by the Endeavour, Tierra del Fuego, 1769
Fagus betuloides in Joseph Dalton Hooker's Flora Antarctica 1844–1846, from the Ross expedition of 1839–1843
References
- ^ a b Baldwin, H. (2018). "Nothofagus betuloides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T96477315A96479945. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T96477315A96479945.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species".
- ^ Kew gardens, or A popular guide to the Royal Botanic Gardens of Kew by Sir W.J. Hooker
- ^ a b Welch, Craig (July 2020). "The tree at the bottom of the world—and the wind-blasted trek to find it". National Geographic. Archived from the original on July 7, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
- ^ Højgaard, A., J. Jóhansen, and S. Ødum (eds) 1989. A century of tree planting in the Faroe Islands. Føroya Fróðskaparfelag, Tórshavn.
- Donoso, C. 2005. Árboles nativos de Chile. Guía de reconocimiento. Edición 4. Marisa Cuneo Ediciones, Valdivia, Chile. 136p.
- Hoffmann, Adriana. 1998. Flora Silvestre de Chile, Zona Central. Edición 4. Fundación Claudio Gay, Santiago. 254p.
- Rodríguez, R. & Quezada, M. 2003. Fagaceae. En C. Marticorena y R. Rodríguez [eds.], Flora de Chile Vol. 2(2), pp 64–76. Universidad de Concepción, Concepción.
- "Nothofagus betuloides". Encyclopedia of Chilean Flora. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
- "Magellan's beech". Chilebosque. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
- "Nothofagus betuloides in the Netherlands". PlantenTuin Esveld. Retrieved 2009-06-27.