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Eknath Easwaran

Eknath Easwaran
Born(1910-12-17)December 17, 1910
Kerala, India
DiedOctober 26, 1999(1999-10-26) (aged 88)
California, USA
NationalityIndia, United States
Known forSpiritual teacher, author, translator and interpreter of spiritual literature, teacher of Passage Meditation

Eknath Easwaran (December 17, 1910 – October 26, 1999) was an Indian-born spiritual teacher, author and translator and interpreter of Indian religious texts such as the Bhagavad Gita and the Upanishads.

Easwaran was a professor of English literature at the University of Nagpur in India when he came to the United States in 1959 on the Fulbright Program at the University of Minnesota before transferring to the University of California, Berkeley. In 1961, Easwaran founded the Blue Mountain Center of Meditation, based in northern California.[1] In 1968 Easwaran established Nilgiri Press.[2] Nilgiri Press has published over thirty books that he authored.

Easwaran was influenced by Mahatma Gandhi, whom he met when he was a young man.[3] Easwaran developed a method of meditation – silent repetition in the mind of memorized inspirational passages from the world's major religious and spiritual traditions[4] – which later came to be known as Passage Meditation.

His teachings inspired some of his students to create the 1976 vegetarian cookbook Laurel's Kitchen.

He has been accused of sexual abuse by former residents of Ramagiri Ashram.

Biography

Eknath Easwaran was born in 1910 in a village in Kerala, India.[5] Eknath is his surname, Easwaran his given name.[6] Brought up by his mother, and by his maternal grandmother whom he honored as his spiritual teacher, he was schooled in his native village until the age of sixteen, when he went to attend St. Thomas College, Thrissur, a Catholic college fifty miles away. He graduated at the University of Nagpur in English and law.[7]: 118  He served as Chair of the Department of English at University of Nagpur.[8] Prior to arriving in the United States, he had a family with two children.

In 1959, he came to the United States as a Fulbright scholar.[9][10]

Eknath Easwaran teaching what is thought to be the first credit course on meditation offered at a major university in the U.S. at U.C. Berkeley in 1968

From 1960–1961 Easwaran gave talks on the Indian scriptures in the San Francisco Bay Area.[11] He met his American wife Christine at one of these talks. Easwaran founded the Blue Mountain Center of Meditation in 1961. He went back to India in 1962 to fulfill the terms of the Fulbright,[12] returning to the Bay Area in 1965 to continue his teaching. In 1968 he was invited by a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, to teach on a Religious Studies course entitled The Theory and Practice of Meditation – the first in the country offering credits.[13]

In 1970 he founded Ramagiri Ashram as a community of dedicated followers in Marin County.[7]

He set up a publishing activity, Nilgiri Press, which printed his first book Gandhi The Man, telling the story of Gandhi as a spiritual as well as a political leader.[14] His first major work was his 3-volume commentary on the Bhagavad Gita, the Bhagavad Gita for Daily Living, the first volume of which was printed in 1975 and the last in 1984. His book Meditation on the program of meditation and allied disciplines that he developed first appeared in 1978.[15]

By 2018, Easwaran's methods of spiritual practice had been the focus of two major scientific research programs that had produced thirty refereed research reports.[16]

Published works

A series on the life and works of
Eknath Easwaran
Biography (book), Works
Translations
Spiritual Biographies
Commentaries: Indian
Commentaries: Christian
Books on Meditation
Daily Readers + Reference
Other works, Other influence

Easwaran's written works may be grouped into several major categories—primarily books, but also articles in newspapers and other periodicals. Most of his books have been reviewed by spiritually oriented publications or websites, or by nationally known media such as The New Yorker,[17] or the New York Post.[18]

In addition, a large number of Easwaran's recorded talks have been published in video and audio formats.[19]

Translations

Main article: Dhammapada (Easwaran translation)

Easwaran's translations of the Bhagavad Gita, the Upanishads, and the Dhammapada (see article) have been critically acclaimed. Religion scholar Huston Smith is cited by the publisher as writing: "No one in modern times is more qualified – no, make that 'as qualified' – to translate the epochal Classics of Indian Spirituality than Eknath Easwaran. And the reason is clear. It is impossible to get to the heart of those classics unless you live them, and he did live them. My admiration of the man and his works is boundless."[20] In Buddhism: A Concise Introduction[21] Smith and his coauthor Philip Novak wrote that "Our favorite translation is Eknath Easwaran's The Dhammapada. His Indian heritage, literary gifts, and spiritual sensibilities... here produce a sublime rendering of the words of the Buddha. Verse after verse shimmers with quiet, confident authority. A bonus is the sparkling 70-page introduction to the Buddha's life and teachings."[citation needed]

Since 2009, Easwaran's three translations "have each been the best-selling translations of these scriptures in the USA."[16]: 96  In the US in 2016, each of Easwaran's translations outsold the second best-selling translation in its category "by more than 3:1",[16]: 96  and the second editions have together sold more than 470,000 copies.[citation needed]

Commentaries

Main article: Essence of the Upanishads (book)

Essence of the Upanishads, originally entitled Dialogue with death: The spiritual psychology of the Katha Upanishad, explains how the Katha Upanishad embraces the key ideas of Indian spirituality within the context of a powerful mythic quest – the story of a young hero who ventures into the land of death in search of immortality. "Essence of the Upanishads is a westerner's guide to this vitally important Indian text and its modern relevance to the Indian mindset and spirituality."[22]

In Essence of the Bhagavad Gita, Easwaran places the Gita's teachings in a modern context and comments on the Gita's view of the nature of reality, the illusion of separateness, the search for identity, the meaning of yoga, and how to heal the unconscious. The book views the key message of the Gita as how to resolve our conflicts and live in harmony with the deep unity of life, through the practice of meditation and spiritual disciplines.[citation needed][23]

In Essence of the Dhammapada, Easwaran comments on the Dhammapada, sayings attributed to the Buddha himself, presenting it as a guide that gives straightforward teachings about spiritual perseverance, progress, and enlightenment.[citation needed][24]

Books on meditation

Main articles: Passage Meditation, Mantram Handbook, and Conquest of Mind

His book Passage Meditation (original title Meditation) describes the Eight Point Program that Easwaran developed, while his book Conquest of Mind goes further into the practice of these disciplines in daily life. Timeless Wisdom is a companion book to Passage Meditation and contains passages for meditation drawn from across the world's spiritual traditions. His book Mantram Handbook: a practical guide to choosing your mantram and calming your mind addresses The Mantram, the second point in the program.[citation needed]

His book Strength in the Storm[25] is an introduction to The Mantram, containing many stories and practical examples to help the reader learn how to harness the inner resources for dealing with challenges in daily living. His book Take Your Time[26] explores "Slowing Down" and "One-Pointed Attention" in daily lives. Renewal[27][28] is a pocket book of short readings on themes such as loving relationships, raising children, living simply, and aging wisely; Patience, the second in the pocket book series, shows how to cultivate Patience – "the ornament of the brave" – at any age. Other (older) books describe various aspects of leading a spiritual life: Climbing the Blue Mountain, Compassionate Universe, and Undiscovered Country.[citation needed]

Daily readers and reference

Main article: God Makes the Rivers to Flow

God Makes the Rivers to Flow[29] is an anthology of writings from the sacred literature of the world, selected by Easwaran as useful for meditation. A larger (and earlier) version of Timeless Wisdom, it contains dozens of passages from diverse traditions, and identifies passages for particular stages in life, such as caregiving, families with small children, death and dying, grief and loss, and for building positive qualities such as patience, courage, devotion to God, and putting others first. Words to Live By[30] is a set of daily readings with Easwaran's commentary on applying the reading to daily life.[citation needed]

The Bhagavad Gita for Daily Living

The Bhagavad Gita for Daily Living is a manual for living a spiritual life, comprising a verse-by-verse commentary on India's timeless scripture the Bhagavad Gita. The work is in three volumes, published in 1975, 1979 and 1984 respectively, in hardcover and later also in paperback. When the first paperbacks were published the volumes were given new subtitles: the End of Sorrow;[31] Like a Thousand Suns;[32] and To Love is To Know Me.[33]

In 2020 the three-volume set was reissued as a second edition, and as a single-volume ebook.[citation needed]

In Volume 1 (the first six chapters of the Gita) Easwaran explains how readers can begin to transform themselves, even as householders engaged in busy lives. In Volume 2 (the next six chapters) Easwaran addresses the seeming divide between scientific knowledge and spiritual wisdom, and explains how the concept of the unity of life can help people in all their relationships. In Volume 3 (the final six chapters) he makes the connection between the Self within and the Reality underlying all creation – and how to make a difference to heal the environment and establish peace in the world.[citation needed]

Spiritual biographies

Main articles: Gandhi the Man and Nonviolent Soldier of Islam

Gandhi the Man[34] traces how Mohandas Gandhi transformed himself into one of the world's great spiritual leaders.

Nonviolent Soldier of Islam is the life story of Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, a Pathan (or Pushtun) of Afghanistan and a devout Muslim, who raised the first nonviolent army in history to gain Indian independence from British colonial rule. This book was favorably discussed in The New Yorker.[17] The book also inspired[35] filmmaker and writer T.C. McLuhan, daughter of Canadian media theorist Marshall McLuhan, to make the film The Frontier Gandhi: Badshah Khan, a Torch for Peace, which won the 2009 Black Pearl Award for Best Documentary Film.[36]

Commentaries on Christian literature

Main articles: Original Goodness (book), Love Never Faileth, and Seeing with the Eyes of Love

Original Goodness is a commentary on the Beatitudes. Love Never Faileth is a commentary on the writings of St Francis, St Paul, St Augustine, and Mother Teresa. Seeing with the Eyes of Love is a commentary on The Imitation of Christ.

Newspapers and other periodicals

In the 1980s and 1990s, Easwaran published a variety of commentaries on public events in prominent periodicals, especially The Christian Science Monitor,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] and also in The New York Times,[47][48] elsewhere in the US,[49] and internationally.[47] He also wrote numerous commentaries that appeared in the Little Lamp (1961–1995), and in Blue Mountain (1990–present), quarterly journals published by the meditation center that he founded.[50] In the 1960s, Easwaran published articles in other spiritual journals, such as the Mountain Path, published by Sri Ramana Maharshi's ashram.[51][52] Before coming to the US in 1959, Easwaran contributed short stories and other writings to literary anthologies,[53] and to magazines such as The Illustrated Weekly of India.[54]

Video and audio

Many of Easwaran's recorded talks have been published in video and audio formats.[19][55]

Several dozen of Easwaran's talks have been published as video DVDs, and now as downloadable MP4s as a free subscription from the Blue Mountain Center.[19][56] Before publication as DVDs, videos of Easwaran's talks were first released in VHS videotape format.[57] Some talks are published in downloadable audio/MP3 formats.[55] Instructions for meditation by Easwaran have been published in audio form as CDs.[58] Some of Easwaran's talks were earlier published as cassette tapes[59] or LP records.[60] Magazines have reviewed some of Easwaran's published talks, both audio[61][62] and video,[63] since the 1990s.

Several of Easwaran's written works, including Essence of the Upanishads, Passage Meditation, The Bhagavad Gita, The Dhammapada and Gandhi the Man, have been published as audio books, as voice-recorded by the British actor Paul Bazely,[64] and also the philosopher Jacob Needleman.[65]

Eight-point program

Easwaran's program for spiritual growth consists of eight points, and is described comprehensively in his book Passage Meditation – A Complete Spiritual Practice (originally published in 1978 as Meditation). Each point has a dedicated chapter:[66]

  1. Meditation on a Passage: Silent repetition upon memorized inspirational passages from one of the world's great religions. Practiced for one-half hour each morning.
  2. The Mantram: silent repetition of a mantram, holy name or hallowed phrase from one of the world's great religions.
  3. Slowing Down: set priorities to reduce stress and hurry.
  4. One-Pointed Attention: give full concentration to whatever matter is currently at hand.
  5. Training the Senses: enjoy simple pleasures in order to avoid craving for unhealthy excess.
  6. Putting Others First: denounce selfishness and cultivating altruism.
  7. Spiritual Companionship: practice meditation in the company of others.
  8. Reading the Mystics: draw inspiration from the writings of the scriptures of all religions.

Vegetarianism

Easwaran was a lifelong vegetarian.[67]

Students of Easwaran, inspired in part by his teachings about compassion and stewardship for the environment, published the highly influential vegetarian cookbook, Laurel's Kitchen (1976), which had a strong impact on the natural foods movement within the American counterculture.[68][69] A second edition, The New Laurel's Kitchen, was published in 1986.

The book has sold over a million copies.[70] Laurel's Kitchen contained extensive nutritional information from a scientific point of view.[71]

Sexual abuse allegations

A newspaper article[72] published in 1989 about a split at Easwaran's meditation center stated that in 1983 two female disciples had accused Easwaran of making sexual advances and trying to fondle them over several years. In that article, some of his followers also described a cult-like environment at the center.

Other influence

A variety of influences of Easwaran's life and work have been documented.

Easwaran's teachings or practices have sometimes been taught as part of traditional college courses,[73] or as tools for self-management by health professionals.[74]

Outside of the US, Easwaran's life and teachings were profiled, along with those of a variety of other spiritual teachers, in a book published in India entitled Meditation Masters and their Insights.[75]

Easwaran's words have been included in collections of wisdom teachings, such as ones recently published by Chang (2006)[76] and Parachin (2011).[77] Quotations from Easwaran's translations have been used many times by both scholarly and popular writers.[78][79][80] Easwaran's other writings have also been quoted by various types of authors, including writers of novels and short stories,[81] popular spirituality,[82] and articles on management theory.[83] Psychiatrist Aaron Beck and his colleagues quoted from Easwaran's commentary on the Katha Upanishad.[84] The NAPRA ReView wrote that "The volume of [Easwaran's] work and the quality of his discourse suggest a man who has had a profound impact on the spiritual lives of many."[85]

Easwaran's method of passage meditation was followed by the poet Robert Lax.[86]: 273  Near the end of his life, Lax's only reading each day was from Easwaran's book Words to Live By.[86]: 272, 281 

New Hampshire State Representative Latha Mangipudi reported having given then-Senator Barack Obama a copy of Easwaran's book Gandhi the Man in December 2006.[87][88]

Easwaran has been listed in reference works on spiritual and religious leaders.[5][89][90]

In his survey of commentaries on the Bhagavad Gita, Nadkarni described Easwaran as "respected worldwide as one of the most profound writers and orators on religion and spirituality".[91]

Bibliography

Easwaran's books, initially written in English, have also been translated into more than 20 other languages, and published in non-US editions by indigenous (non-US) publishers. Languages in which his books are currently in print include Bahasa Indonesian, Bulgarian, Czech, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Lithuanian, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovenian, Spanish, and Telugu. His books have also been translated into Chinese (PRC).[92]

From 2011, a number of Easwaran's books and articles were excerpted and republished as the series of short ebooks "Easwaran Inspirations":

Contributions to works by others include:

  • Eknath Easwaran (1969). "To all mankind". Ramana Pictorial Souvenir Commemorating the Kumbhabhishekam on June 18, 1967. Tiruvannamalai, India: Board of Trustees Sri Ramanasramam: 7. (contribution to edited volume)
  • Eknath Easwaran (1991). "Working for others [reprinted from the Little Lamp, vol. 22, no. 3, Autumn 1982]" (pp 72–84) in Lilia Lender (1991). The Choice is Yours: Ethics in Vedanta [introduction by Swami Chinmayananda]. Mumbai, India: Central Chinmaya Mission Trust. pp. 72–84. ISBN 978-81-7597-122-6.
  • Eknath Easwaran (1996). Preface (pp. ix–x) to Devi Vanamali (1996). The play of God: Visions of the life of Krishna. San Diego, CA: Blue Dove Press. ISBN 978-1-884997-07-5
  • Eknath Easwaran (1997). Roger S. Powers; William B. Vogele; Christopher Kruegler; Ronald M. McCarthy (eds.). Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1890–1988). New York: Garland. pp. 284–286. ISBN 9780815309130. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  • Preface to The Essential Gandhi by Louis Fischer (2002, 2nd edition). New York: Vintage. (ISBN 1400030501)
  • Preface to In Quest of God: The Saga of an Extraordinary Pilgrimage by Swami Ramdas (2002, 2nd American edition). San Diego, CA: Blue Dove Foundation. (ISBN 1884997015)

See also

References

  1. ^ "About BMCM".
  2. ^ "About Nilgiri Press".
  3. ^ Gandhi's influence on Easwaran is described by Easwaran or others in a variety of publications, including Gandhi the Man (e.g., p. 6, 1978 edition), The Making of a Teacher (e.g., p. 160, 1989 edition), and The Compassionate Universe (ISBN 9781458778420, see chapter 1; chapters 2-8 are structured using Gandhi's "Seven Social Sins"). See also the biography of Easwaran posted at his publisher's website (accessed 1 September 2017).
  4. ^ "In Memoriam: Sri Eknath Easwaran (1911–1999)". Monastic Interreligious Dialogue. Archived from the original on October 8, 2007. Retrieved March 30, 2008.
  5. ^ a b Jones, Constance A.; James D. Ryan (2006). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. New York: Infobase Publishing / Facts On File. ISBN 978-0-8160-5458-9. "Easwaran was born on December 17, 1910, into an ancient matrilineal family in Kerala, India" (p. 143)
  6. ^ However, after he came to the United States, "Easwaran" generally functioned as his last name (analogous to a surname) for authorship credits and other public activities.
  7. ^ a b Flinders, Tim; Carol Flinders (1989). The Making of a Teacher: Conversations with Eknath Easwaran. Petaluma, CA: Nilgiri Press. ISBN 978-0-915132-54-6. ISBN 0-915132-54-0, ISBN 0-915132-55-9, ISBN 978-0-915132-55-3, OCLC 18983479
  8. ^ "Eknath Easwaran- Meditation Teacher and Writer (1910 -1999)". berkeleyplaques.org. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  9. ^ "Eknath Easwaran". Yoga Journal. Retrieved March 30, 2008.
  10. ^ Holly Hammond (January/February 1996). "Finding balance in a hurried world." Yoga Journal n123, pp. 86–92, 139–141 ISSN 0191-0965.
  11. ^ Easwaran, Eknath (October 30, 2000). With My Love and Blessings. Nilgiri Press. p. 16. ISBN 9781586380021.
  12. ^ Easwaran, Eknath (October 30, 2000). With My Love and Blessings. Nilgiri Press. p. 17. ISBN 9781586380021.
  13. ^ "Berkeley Historical Plaque Project – Easwaran, Eknath-Meditation Teacher". berkeleyplaques.org. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
  14. ^ "Goodreads: Gandhi the Man".
  15. ^ Eknath, Easwaran (1978). "Google Books: Meditation".
  16. ^ a b c Oman, Doug; Bormann, Jill E. (2018). "Eknath Easwaran's Mantram and Passage Meditation as Applied Indian Psychology: Psycho-Spiritual and Health Effects". Psychological Studies. 63 (2): 94–108. doi:10.1007/s12646-018-0448-8. S2CID 149644696.
  17. ^ a b Bill McKibben (September 24, 1984). "Notes and Comment" (in "The Talk of the Town"; discusses Easwaran's A Man to Match His Mountains, a biography of Abdul Ghaffar Khan). The New Yorker, pp. 39–40. "A straightforward yet devoted biography ... By his example, [Khan] asks what we ourselves, as individuals made from the same stuff as he, are doing to shape history" (pp. 39–40).
  18. ^ Bill McKibben (May 21, 1989). "A guru who offers no guarantees: Easwaran teaches a practical method of self-mastery." New York Post, pp. 4–5. Review of Gandhi the Man, A Man to Match His Mountains, Meditation, The Mantram Handbook, and Conquest of Mind.
  19. ^ a b c See "Easwaran on Video" (42 DVDs listed) and "Easwaran on Audio" (The publisher states "We recorded his talks over several decades")
  20. ^ Huston Smith, quoted on back cover and on page 383 of Eknath Easwaran (2007). [ The Upanishads] (2nd, rev. ed.). Tomales, CA: Nilgiri Press. ISBN 978-1-58638-021-2
  21. ^ Huston Smith and Philip Novak (2003). Buddhism: A Concise Introduction San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco. ISBN 0-06-050696-2 (p. 222: "Our favorite translation is Eknath Easwaran's The Dhammapada. His Indian heritage, literary gifts, and spiritual sensibilities (which have given us excellent translations of Hinduism's Upanishads and Bhagavad Gita) here produce a sublime rendering of the words of the Buddha. Verse after verse shimmers with quiet, confident authority. A bonus is the sparkling 70-page introduction to the Buddha's life and teachings that precedes the translation.")
  22. ^ Midwest Book Review Aug-09 http://www.midwestbookreview.com/wbw/aug_09.htm
  23. ^ Brussat, Frederic and Mary Ann. "Essence of The Bhagavad Gita: A Contemporary Guide to Yoga, Meditation, and Indian Philosophy". Spirituality and Practice: Resources for Spiritual Journeys. Retrieved August 31, 2024.
  24. ^ Brussat, Frederic and Mary Ann. "Essence of the Dhammapada: The Buddha's Call to Nirvana". Spirituality and Practice: Resources for Spiritual Journeys. Retrieved August 31, 2024.
  25. ^ Spirituality and Practice, review of Strength in the Storm http://www.spiritualityandpractice.com/books/books.php?id=10113
  26. ^ Spirituality and Practice, review of Take Your Time
  27. ^ "Easwaran is one [of] the most powerful Hindu teachers lecturing and writing in America ... this book is meant to be a companion for the difficult but joyous interior work of spiritual transformation that is at the heart of his teachings", wrote Publishers Weekly in a review of the original edition: Henry Carrigan (1996). "Your life is your message: Finding harmony with yourself, others, and the earth." Publishers Weekly, v243 n29, p69. (republished in 2009 as Renewal)
  28. ^ Spirituality and Practice, review of Renewal http://www.spiritualityandpractice.com/books/books.php?id=19302
  29. ^ Spirituality and Practice review of God Makes the Rivers to Flow http://www.spiritualityandpractice.com/books/books.php?id=5807
  30. ^ Spirituality and Practice review of Words to Live Byhttp://www.spiritualityandpractice.com/books/books.php?id=15735
  31. ^ Spirituality and Practice, review of End of Sorrow, http://www.spiritualityandpractice.com/books/books.php?id=1122
  32. ^ Spirituality and Practice, review of Like a Thousand Suns, http://www.spiritualityandpractice.com/books/books.php?id=1123
  33. ^ Spirituality and Practice, review of To Love is To Know Me, http://www.spiritualityandpractice.com/books/books.php?id=1124
  34. ^ Spirituality and Practice, review of Gandhi the Man http://www.spiritualityandpractice.com/books/books.php?id=5135
  35. ^ India Journal Nov 7, 2008 http://www.indiajournal.com/pages/event.php?id=5057[permanent dead link‍]
  36. ^ Black Pearl Award http://www.meiff.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/MEIFF-09-Black-Pearl-Awards_Final.pdf[permanent dead link‍]
  37. ^ Eknath Easwaran (January 30, 1980). "Gandhi: A sympathetic report; Gandhi: A memoir, by William L. Shirer (book review)". The Christian Science Monitor. p. 17. Retrieved May 1, 2011.
  38. ^ Eknath Easwaran (February 11, 1985). Revisiting the Raj – an Indian perspective. The Christian Science Monitor, p. 18.
  39. ^ Eknath Easwaran (June 12, 1985). Mohandas K. Gandhi in South Africa. The Christian Science Monitor, p. 15.
  40. ^ Eknath Easwaran (November 13, 1985). India and Pakistan: time to encourage trust. The Christian Science Monitor, p. 17.
  41. ^ Eknath Easwaran (September 17, 1986). Young people, idealism – and drugs. The Christian Science Monitor, p. 14.
  42. ^ Eknath Easwaran (December 10, 1988). Gandhi's lesson for the Philippines. The Christian Science Monitor, p. 19.
  43. ^ Eknath Easwaran (August 27, 1990). Find a Peaceful Solution, in the Name of Islam. The Christian Science Monitor, p. 19.
  44. ^ Eknath Easwaran (November 14, 1990). Nehru's Lesson From Gandhi. The Christian Science Monitor, p. 16.
  45. ^ Eknath Easwaran (April 11, 1991). The Dignity of Ancient Culture. The Christian Science Monitor, p. 16.
  46. ^ Eknath Easwaran (April 17, 2002). An Island of Calm in a Sea of Hostility. The Christian Science Monitor, p. 18.
  47. ^ a b Eknath Easwaran (May 21, 1998). "What Would Gandhi Think?" The New York Times, accessed Nov. 11, 2009. This commentary was republished later that week in Dawn (Pakistan), "What would Gandhi think of N-tests", May 22; in The Hindu (India), "Don't imitate the Western folly", May 26; and in the International Herald Tribune, What would Gandhi think?, May 21.
  48. ^ Easwaran, Eknath (January 30, 1998). "How His Message Can Help Us Today". The New York Times. Retrieved August 7, 2013.
  49. ^ Eknath Easwaran (January 26, 1991). Gandhi's Message of Nonviolence. San Francisco Chronicle.
  50. ^ Several articles that Easwaran published in the Little Lamp (ISSN 0460-1297, LCCN: 83641607 sn 80000451) appeared later in revised form in his books; most copies of Blue Mountain (LCCN sf92093327) that appeared after 2000 can be downloaded from the Blue Mountain Center of Meditation website. Although primarily quarterly, each of these journals appeared at times on other schedules.
  51. ^ Eknath Easwaran (1964). "The Candle of the Lord". Mountain Path. 1 (3). Sri Ramana Ashram.
  52. ^ Eknath Easwaran (1968). "Eating the Mangoes". Mountain Path. 5 (3). Sri Ramana Ashram: 204–206. Archived from the original on July 24, 2011.
  53. ^ Eknath Easwaran (1958), "The Postmaster" (pp. 39–42). In Lionel Wigmore & Canberra Fellowship of Australian Writers, ed. (1958). Span: An adventure in Asian and Australian writing. Melbourne, Australia: F. W. Cheshire. pp. 39–42.
  54. ^ Eknath Easwaran (1956). "The funeral". The Illustrated Weekly of India. 77 (3): 33. ISSN 0019-2430. OCLC 6772824.
  55. ^ a b Downloadable MP3 talks include 50 talks in the "Thomas à Kempis Series", 9 "Individual talks", and 5 sets of talks or readings by Easwaran in "Following Series", as well as Easwaran (2008), "Following the Teachings of the Upanishads" ASIN B001NDD8HK (178 minutes); Easwaran (2008), "Following the Way of the Buddha" ASIN B001KPW8MC (172 minutes).
  56. ^ Examples of talks by Easwaran published as videos include Kabir: Stages of Desire (containing talks "Desire: Our Real Wealth" and "Meeting the Beloved"), Breaking Chains (containing talks "Breaking Chains" and "Fetters and Freedom").
  57. ^ Examples of talks published as VHS include Saint Francis: becoming an instrument of peace (2002, on the Prayer of St. Francis and its use in meditation) (68 minutes)
  58. ^ Meditation (2004, instructions in Easwaran's meditation program), CDs. ISBN 9781586386368, ISBN 1586386360, OCLC 56519410 OCLC 316483875
  59. ^ See Worldcat listings. Examples of talks published as cassette tapes are Gandhi: a personal encounter (1984, describing Easwaran's visit to Gandhi's ashram, 66 mins) OCLC 26587764 (Petaluma, CA: Nilgiri Press) and The Tree of Life (1975, commenting on ch. 15 of the Bhagavad Gita) OCLC 12997702 (Berkeley, CA: Blue Mountain Center of Meditation).
  60. ^ Issued as an LP record was a 1969 commentary on the Bhagavad Gita (chs. 2, 12), OCLC 5431631 (publisher: Sadhana Records).
  61. ^ John Plummer (2006) Untitled [review of Meditation: A Complete Audio Guide, by Eknath Easwaran]. Quest. ISSN 1040-533X (accessed 19 January 2013)
  62. ^ Barbara J. Vaughan (1995). "Untitled [review of Sacred Literature of the World, audiobook on cassettes by Eknath Easwaran]". Library Journal. 120 (8): 152. ISSN 0363-0277. LCCN 75648584. See article God Makes the Rivers to Flow. These audio cassettes by Easwaran (1995): ISBN 9780915132805, ISBN 091513280X OCLC 32902296
  63. ^ Candace Smith (2002). "Untitled [review of Universal Wisdom of the Great Mystics, videotape by Eknath Easwaran]". Booklist. 99 (3): 349. ISSN 0006-7385. The video by Easwaran (2002): ISBN 9781888314878, ISBN 1888314877, OCLC 51488935 ASIN 1888314877
  64. ^ Audiobooks by Easwaran that are read by Paul Bazely include The Bhagavad Gita (2015, unabridged) ASIN B00TGA3HGO (8 hours 54 minutes); The Dhammapada (2016, abridged) ASIN B01N7CQQW5 (4 hours 22 minutes); Passage Meditation – A Complete Spiritual Practice (2016, unabridged) ASIN B01KOZA8X4 (8 hours 15 minutes); Essence of the Upanishads (2017, unabridged) ASIN B0718ZZ2HZ (8 hours 41 minutes); Strength in the Storm (2009, abridged) ASIN B002T5U270 (51 minutes); Gandhi the Man (2009, abridged) ASIN B002IT3VO8 (137 minutes); Climbing the Blue Mountain (2009, abridged) ASIN B002MVI0XO (68 minutes); Renewal (2009, unabridged) ASIN B002SKYTJI (83 minutes) (all published by: Nilgiri Press)
  65. ^ Easwaran's (1987 original publication) translation of the Upanishads, abridged, read by Jacob Needleman. The Upanishads [Audiobook on Cassette]. San Bruno, CA: Audio Literature, 1999. ISBN 9781574532647, OCLC 41928931 (ca. 3 hours)
  66. ^ Passage Meditation: The Basics (bmcm.org)
  67. ^ "Eating in Freedom, Training the Mind". Eknath Easwaran’s Blue Mountain Journal. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  68. ^ Belasco, Warren (2007). Appetite for Change: How the Counterculture Took on The Food Industry. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0801473296.
  69. ^ Megan J. Elias (2008). Stir it up: home economics in American culture. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-4079-0. (NB: Laurel's Kitchen is discussed in pp. 152-160)
  70. ^ It was later republished in revised form as The New Laurel's Kitchen (1986).The back cover of the 1986 edition states "over a million copies sold" (see link [1]).
  71. ^ Laurel Robertson, Carol Flinders, & Brian Ruppenthal (1986). The new Laurel's kitchen. Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press. ISBN 0-89815-167-8. The 1986 edition is dedicated to "our teacher, Eknath Easwaran" (p. 13), and the back cover states "over a million copies sold" (see link [2]). In an introduction to the 1986 edition, Flinders wrote of "the collection of friends who helped produce Laurel's Kitchen ten years ago", that "we share a commitment to meditation" (p. 20).
  72. ^ Hubner, John (April 30, 1989). "A split at the razor's edge". San Jose Mercury News.
  73. ^ Tim Flinders; Doug Oman; Carol Flinders; Diane Dreher (2010). "Translating Spiritual Ideals into Daily Life: The Eight-Point Program of Passage Meditation". In Plante, Thomas G. (ed.). Contemplative practices in action: spirituality, meditation, and health. Praeger. pp. 39–59. ISBN 978-0-313-38256-7. OCLC 529295626.
  74. ^ Pothier, Kathleen Green (May 2019). "Finding time for inner Zen: Well-spent meditation moments transferrable [sic] to dental world". Dentistry Insider. Texas A&M College of Dentistry. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
  75. ^ Luis S. R. Vas (2009), Meditation Masters and their Insights. Mumbai, India: Better Yourself Books. ISBN 978-81-7108-703-7. [3] (Easwaran is profiled in chapter 25, pp. 185–195; others profiled include Ramana Maharshi, Thich Nhat Hanh, D. T. Suzuki, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, and Thomas Keating)
  76. ^ Larry Chang (Ed.) (2006), Wisdom for the soul: Five millennia of prescriptions for spiritual healing. Washington, DC: Gnosophia Publishers. ISBN 0-9773391-0-6 (NB: Easwaran's words are quoted on pp. 100, 160, 235, 279, 316, 485, 515, 548)
  77. ^ Chapter 11, "Eknath Easwaran: Inter-religious mystic" (pp. 110–119), in Parachin, Victor M. (2011). Eleven modern mystics and the secrets of a happy, holy life. Pasadena, CA: Hope Publishing House. ISBN 978-1-932717-25-9.
  78. ^ A scholarly example is: Kelly James Clark (2000). Readings in the philosophy of religion ISBN 978-1-55111-246-6 (see pp. 363–371)
  79. ^ A scholarly example is: Ramnath Narayanswamy (2008). Why is spirituality integral to management education? My experience of integrating management and spirituality. Journal of Human Values, v14 n2, pp115-128. doi:10.1177/097168580801400203
  80. ^ A popular example is: Gayle Clayton (2004). Transformative Meditation: Personal & Group Practice to Access Realms of Consciousness Llewellyn Worldwide ISBN 0-7387-0502-0
  81. ^ Charles Johnson (2002), Afterword (pp. 229–242) in John Whalen-Bridge & Gary Storhoff, The Emergence of Buddhist American Literature. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. ISBN 1-4384-2653-4.
  82. ^ Elizabeth Lesser (1999). The Seeker's Guide Random House/Villard. ISBN 978-0-679-78359-6 (p. 346)
  83. ^ Lillas M. Brown (2001). Leading leadership development in universities: A personal story. Journal of Management Inquiry, v10 n4, pp. 312–323. DOI: 1056492601104005
  84. ^ Aaron T. Beck, Gary Emery, & Ruth. L. Greenberg (2005). Anxiety Disorders and Phobias: A Cognitive Perspective (15th anniv. ed.). New York: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-00587-1 ("E. Easwaran uses the metaphor of channels in the brain to describe how a person's major concern develops ... Patients respond well to this metaphor," p. 293)
  85. ^ M.G. "Author profile: Eknath Easwaran". NAPRA ReView. 8 (2): 25. ISSN 1098-4364. OCLC 38596668. Spring 1997
  86. ^ a b Harford, James J. (2006). Merton and friends: A joint biography of Thomas Merton, Robert Lax and Edward Rice. New York: Continuum. ISBN 9780826418692. OCLC 69020975. ISBN 0826418694
  87. ^ Nikam, N. Niranjan (September 29, 2016). "Interview of the week: Mysuru 'Metagalli Iyengar' girl makes it big in America". Star of Mysore. HT Media Ltd. Archived from the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
  88. ^ Mangipudi (2016) stated that "First time I met him [Obama] was as a Senator in December of 2006. When he came to New Hampshire, I gave him a book with a personal note wishing him success. The title of the book was 'Gandhi the Man: The Story of His Transformation' by Eknath Easwaran. In February of 2007, he came to one of the State Senator's home for a house party where I was also invited as he was my friend. Obama looked at me and said, 'Aren't you the woman who gave me the Gandhi book?'"
  89. ^ J. Gordon Melton, Religious leaders of America: a biographical guide to founders and leaders of religious bodies, churches, and spiritual groups in North America (1999, 2nd ed.), ISBN 978-0-8103-8878-9, p. 174.
  90. ^ James R. Lewis, The encyclopedia of cults, sects, and new religions (1998), ISBN 978-1-57392-222-7, p. 84.
  91. ^ Nadkarni, M. V. (2016). The Bhagavad-Gita for the Modern Reader: History, interpretations and philosophy. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-138-20231-3. OCLC 951926094. ISBN 978-1-315-43900-6 (ebook), ISBN 9781315438986 (gbook 'about' listing)
  92. ^ Lynn Garrett (January 12, 1998). Gandhi in China. Publishers Weekly, v245 n2, p30. "Nilgiri Press... was surprised to receive an e-mail in September from the Sichuan Copyright Agency in the People's Republic of China, expressing interest in publishing a Chinese edition of its Gandhi the Man (especially since relations between China and India have not always been the best) ... the book will be released in China on January 30" (p. 30).
Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilgiri_Press