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Rogers Dry Lake

Rogers Dry Lake
Rogers Dry Lake (right) and Rosamond Lake (lower left) in Mojave Desert, California
Location of Rogers Dry Lake in California, USA.
Location of Rogers Dry Lake in California, USA.
Rogers Dry Lake
Location of Rogers Dry Lake in California, USA.
Location of Rogers Dry Lake in California, USA.
Rogers Dry Lake
LocationMojave Desert
Kern County, California
Los Angeles County, California
Coordinates34°55′19″N 117°49′39″W / 34.921944°N 117.8275°W / 34.921944; -117.8275
Lake typeEndorheic basin
Basin countriesUnited States
Max. length19 km (12 mi)
Max. width11 km (6.8 mi)
Surface area112 km2 (43 sq mi)
Shore length161 km (38 mi)
Surface elevation694 m (2,277 ft)
SettlementsEdwards Air Force Base
ReferencesU.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Rogers Dry Lake
Rogers Dry Lake
Edwards Air Force Base
LocationMojave Desert
Kern County, California
Coordinates34°55′19″N 117°49′39″W / 34.92194°N 117.82750°W / 34.92194; -117.82750
Built1933[2]
NRHP reference No.85002816[1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHP03 October 1985
Designated NHL03 October 1985[3]
1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure.

Rogers Dry Lake is an endorheic desert salt pan in the Mojave Desert of Kern County, California. The lake derives its name from the Anglicization from the Spanish name, Rodriguez Dry Lake.[4] It is the central part of Edwards Air Force Base as its hard surface provides a natural extension to the paved runways. It was formerly known as Muroc Dry Lake.

Geology

Rogers Dry Lake is located in the Antelope Valley, about 100 miles (160 km) drive north of Los Angeles. It covers an area of about 65 square miles (170 km2) at the low point of the valley, forming a rough figure eight. It is the bed of a lake that formed roughly 2.5 million years ago, in the Pleistocene. It is 12.5 miles (20.1 km) long and 5.5 miles (8.9 km) wide at its greatest dimensions. The bed of the lake is unusually hard, capable of withstanding as much as 250 psi without cracking. This is sufficient to allow even the heaviest aircraft to land safely.[5]

During the extremely brief rainy season, standing water may be on the lakebed, pooling near the location of the region's lowest elevation (2,300 ft). The lake is adjacent to the smaller Rosamond Lake which through the Holocene, together made up one large water-body.[6]

History

The area of the lakebed was first used by the railroads, with a watering station for steam engines located nearby by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad. In 1910, the Corum family settled on the lake bed; they attempted to create a small community called "Muroc" (the name reversed), which failed. In 1933, the United States Army arrived, looking to establish a bombing range in the area. The lakebed's potential use as an airfield was then realized, and in 1937 the United States Army Air Corps set up Muroc Air Field for training and testing; the airfield later became Edwards Air Force Base.[5]

During World War II, a 650 ft (200 m) replica of a Japanese cruiser was constructed on the lakebed, nicknamed "Muroc Maru". The ship was demolished in 1950.[7]

Edwards Air Force Base

Many of the United States' notable aeronautical achievements have taken place at Rogers Lake, including the testing of experimental military aircraft, the breaking of the sound barrier by Chuck Yeager, and landings of the Space Shuttle.[5] It is also famous for the world's largest compass rose painted into the lakebed. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985.[3]

Its principal runway is 05/23. In addition to its paved component of 15,000 ft (4,600 m) it has an extra 9,000 ft (2,700 m) of lakebed runway, and it is capable of landing all known aircraft.

There are seven other official runways on the Rogers lakebed:

  • 17/35 is 7.5 mi (12.1 km) (primary runway)
  • 05/23 is 5.2 mi (8.4 km)
  • 06/24 is 1.4 mi (2.3 km)
  • 07/25 is 4.0 mi (6.4 km)
  • 09/27 is 2.0 mi (3.2 km)
  • 30 is 2.0 mi (3.2 km) (runway 30 rolls out onto the compass rose, so its corresponding, unmarked, runway 12 is never used)
  • 15/33 is 6.2 mi (10.0 km)
  • 18/36 is 4.5 mi (7.2 km)

See also

References

  1. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. April 15, 2008.
  2. ^ Johnstone, Robert (January 16, 1986). "Muroc (Rogers) Dry Lake" (pdf). National Register of Historic Places - Inventory Nomination Form. National Park Service. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
  3. ^ a b NHL Summary Archived 2008-12-04 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ Public Affairs (25 July 2006). "About Edwards: History: The Dry Lake Beds". Edwards Air Force Base. Archived from the original on 2006-12-07. Retrieved 2009-09-10.
  5. ^ a b c "NHL nomination for Rogers Dry Lake". National Park Service. Retrieved 2018-02-07.
  6. ^ Reheis, Marith C.; Hershler, Robert; Miller, David M. (2008). Late Cenozoic Drainage History of the Southwestern Great Basin and Lower Colorado River Region: Geologic and Biotic Perspectives. Boulder, Colorado: Geological Society of America. pp. 273–275. ISBN 978-0-8137-2439-3. Retrieved 2009-09-05.
  7. ^ "Rogers Dry Lake". National Park Service. Retrieved 2017-12-01.
Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muroc_Dry_Lake