A science ministry or department of science is a ministry or other government agency responsible for governing scientific activities. The ministry is often headed by a minister specialising in scientific matters.

Many countries have a ministry of science or ministry of science and technology:

• Ministry of Science, Technology and Productive Innovation (Argentina)
• Ministry of Science and Technology (Bangladesh)
• Ministry of Science and Technology (Brazil)
• Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
• Ministry of Science, Technology, Knowledge and Innovation (Chile)
• Ministry of Science and Technology (China)
• Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (Cuba)
• Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation of Denmark
• Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Culture (East Timor)
• Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany)
• Ministry of Education, Science and Culture (Iceland)
• Ministry of Science and Technology (India)
• Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (Indonesia)
• Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (Iran)
• Department of Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science (Ireland)
• Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan)
• Ministry of Education and Science (Lithuania)
• Ministry of Science and Technology (Malaysia)
• Ministry of Education and Science (Mongolia)
• Ministry of Science and Technology (Myanmar)
• Ministry of Education and Science (North Macedonia)
• Ministry of Science and Technology (Pakistan)
• Department of Science and Technology (Philippines)
• Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education (Portugal)
• Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Russia)
• Minister for Further Education, Higher Education and Science (Scotland)
• Ministry of Education and Science (Somaliland)
• Ministry of Science and ICT (South Korea)
• Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Spain)
• Ministry of Science and Technology (Sri Lanka)
• Ministry of Science and Technology (Taiwan)
• Ministry of Science and Technology (Thailand)
• Ministry of Industry and Technology (Turkey)
• Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine
• Ministry of Science and Technology (Vietnam)
• Ministry of Science And Technology (Robloz)
• Ministry of Technology and Science (Zambia)

This is a list of Ministers who have a policy responsibility over Science.

•  Brazil: Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (Brazil): Marcos César Pontes
•  Canada: Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry: Navdeep Bains
  •  Manitoba: Minister of Energy, Science and Technology (No longer used)
•  Ireland: Minister for Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science: Simon Harris
•  Japan: Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology: Kōichi Hagiuda
•  Philippines: Secretary of Science and Technology: Fortunato dela Peña
•  United Kingdom: Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Science, Research and Innovation: Amanda Solloway
  •  Scotland: Minister for Further Education, Higher Education and Science: Richard Lochhead