Medical biology is a field of biology that has practical applications in medicine, health care, and laboratory diagnostics. It includes many biomedical disciplines and areas of specialty that typically contains the "bio-" prefix such as:

• molecular biology, biochemistry, biophysics, biotechnology, cell biology, embryology,
• nanobiotechnology, biological engineering, laboratory medical biology,
• cytogenetics, genetics, gene therapy,
• bioinformatics, biostatistics, systems biology,
• microbiology, virology, parasitology,
• physiology, pathology,
• toxicology, and many others that generally concern life sciences as applied to medicine.

Medical biology is the cornerstone of modern health care and laboratory diagnostics. It concerned a wide range of scientific and technological approaches: from an in vitro diagnostics^[1][2] to the in vitro fertilisation,^[3] from the molecular mechanisms of a cystic fibrosis to the population dynamics of the HIV, from the understanding molecular interactions to the study of the carcinogenesis,^[4] from a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) to the gene therapy.

Medical biology based on molecular biology combines all issues of developing molecular medicine^[5] into large-scale structural and functional relationships of the human genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome with the particular point of view of devising new technologies for prediction, diagnosis and therapy.^[6]