Mattioli is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Alessandro Mattioli (born 1998), Italian footballer
• Carlo Mattioli (born 1954), Italian race walker
• Denise Mattioli (born 1952), Brazilian volleyball player
• Ercole Antonio Mattioli (1640–1694), Italian minister
• Gaspare Mattioli (1806–1843), Italian painter
• Gianni Francesco Mattioli (born 1940), Italian politician and university professor
• Girolamo Mattioli (fl. 1577), Italian painter and engraver
• Italo Mattioli (born 1985), Italian professional football player
• Ludovico Mattioli (1662-1747), Italian painter and engraver
• Luisa Mattioli (1936–2021), Italian actress
• Marcus Mattioli (born 1960), Brazilian swimmer
• Mario Mattioli (1945–2003), Italian volleyball player
• Massimo Mattioli (1943–2019), Italian cartoonist
• Mattiolo Mattioli (died 1480), Italian author
• Maurizio Mattioli (born 1950), Italian actor and comedian
• Pietro Andrea Mattioli (1501–1577), Italian herbalist
• Raffaele Mattioli (1775-after 1831), Italian painter
• Rocky Mattioli (born 1953), Italian-Australian former boxing world champion