Majorie Castle
| Majorie Castle | |
|---|---|
| Native name Château de la Majorie (French) | |
 The Majorie episcopal complex, with the Vidomnat on the left and the Majorie tower in the center | |
| Location | Sion, Switzerland |
| Coordinates | 46°14′04″N 7°21′43″E / 46.234455°N 7.361934°E |
| Built | 12th century |
| Current use | Valais Museum of Fine Arts |
| Owner | Canton of Valais |
  Location of Majorie Castle in Switzerland | |
Majorie Castle is a castle in the municipality of Sion in the Canton of Valais, Switzerland. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.[1]
Description
The castle is composed of two main buildings: the Majorie and the Vidomnat. The Majorie is a high tower dominating the site and protected by imposing terraced walls. The Vidomnat, located below and westward of the Majorie tower, is made up of two three-storey square towers, which were probably conjoined after their construction.[2][3][4]
History
The existence of the Vidomnat is mentioned as early as 1179.[4] The presence of the Majorie tower is attested as of 1221, when its St Michel's Chapel is mentioned for the first time. The Majorie is then called the Tour de Sion (Sion Tower). On 15 January 1373, the castle was bought by Bishop Guichard Tavelli, and served from then on as the official residence for the Prince-bishops of Sion. The castle then became the Prince-bishops' seat of power. They preferred it to the more austere Tourbillon Castle, which was less accessible. The Majorie tower probably contained reception rooms, and the buildings that served as bishops' habitation have not been preserved. In 1529, a fire destroyed the castle. It was rebuilt in 1536 under Bishop Adrian I of Riedmatten.[2]
During the 17th century, political power over Valais was shared between the bishops and the cantonal Diet, but the Diet met in the Majorie Castle. A fire broke out again in 1788 and destroyed the archives of the Diocese of Sion. Despite several reconstruction projects, the castle was left as it was, and the bishops eventually built their palace near the Sion Cathedral in 1839–1840. The State of Valais then bought the Majorie Castle and installed barracks there.[2][3][5]
The Majorie Castle has been housing the Valais Museum of Fine Arts since 1947. The Grange-à-l'Évêque (Bishop's Barn), the former stables of the castle, has been home to the Valais Nature Museum since 2013.[2]
See also
External links
Media related to Château de la Majorie at Wikimedia Commons
References
- ^ "Kantonsliste A-Objekte". KGS Inventar (in German). Federal Office of Civil Protection. 2009. Archived from the original on 28 June 2010. Retrieved 25 April 2011.
- ^ a b c d Elsig, Patrick (2019). The Castles of Sion. Society for the History of Swiss Art SHSA. p. 30-34. ISBN 978-3-03797-600-5.
- ^ a b Société d'histoire de l'art en Suisse SHAS. "La Majorie" (PDF). data.geo.admin.ch (in French). Retrieved 1 November 2020.
- ^ a b Société d'histoire de l'art en Suisse SHAS. "Vidomnat" (PDF). data.geo.admin.ch (in French). Retrieved 1 November 2020.
- ^ Sion (diocèse) in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
46°14′04″N 7°21′41″E / 46.23436°N 7.36130°E