M5 motorway
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 M5 highlighted in blue Shown with UK motorway network | ||||
 Looking south towards junction 20 | ||||
| Route information | ||||
| Maintained by National Highways | ||||
| Length | 162.9 mi (262.2 km) | |||
| Existed | 1962–present | |||
| History |
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| Major junctions | ||||
| Northeast end | West Bromwich | |||
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| Southwest end | Exminster | |||
| Location | ||||
| Country | United Kingdom | |||
| Counties | West Midlands, Worcestershire, Gloucestershire, South Gloucestershire, Bristol, Somerset, Devon | |||
| Primary destinations | ||||
| Road network | ||||
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The M5 is a motorway in England linking the Midlands with the South West. It runs from junction 8 of the M6 at West Bromwich near Birmingham to Exeter in Devon. Heading south-west, the M5 runs east of West Bromwich and west of Birmingham through Sandwell Valley. It continues past Bromsgrove (and from Birmingham and Bromsgrove is part of the Birmingham Motorway Box), Droitwich Spa, Worcester, Tewkesbury, Cheltenham, Gloucester, Bristol, Portishead, Clevedon, Weston-super-Mare, Bridgwater, Taunton, Tiverton, Cullompton terminating at junction 31 for Exeter.
Route
The M5 quite closely follows the route of the A38 road. The two deviate slightly around Bristol and the area south of Bristol from junctions 16 to the Sedgemoor services north of junction 22. The A38 goes straight through the centre of Bristol and passes by Bristol Airport, while the M5 skirts both, with access to the airport from junctions 18, 19 or 22. The A38 continues south into Devon from junction 31, near Exminster. Junction 15 of the M5 is a large four-level stack interchange, named the Almondsbury Interchange, where the M5 meets the M4. The Avonmouth Bridge, between junctions 18 and 19, is often a bottleneck during heavy traffic periods, due mainly to lane drops at either end of the bridge for the respective junctions, and the sharp angle in the centre of the bridge, which causes larger vehicles to slow considerably.[citation needed] There are split-level carriageways where the M5 ascends the hillsides above the Gordano Valley, between Portishead, junction 19 and Clevedon, junction 20. Between junction 21, Weston-super-Mare and junction 22, Burnham-on-Sea, the M5 passes by an isolated landmark hill called Brent Knoll and crosses the western end of the Mendip Hills. The Willow Man sculpture is visible from both carriageways, and acts as a landmark just to the south of junction 23, which as of 2021 had degraded and lost its head and arms.[1]
History
Construction
The first 26 miles (42 km) of the M5 motorway was constructed as a dual two-lane motorway with Worcestershire County Council acting as engineer.[2] This section – from junction 4 (Lydiate Ash) in the north to a trumpet junction with the M50 in the south – opened in July 1962.[2][3] This original section of the M5, from junctions 4 to 8, was widened to provide six lanes in the early 1990s. During this work, the northbound Strensham services were rebuilt further away from the modified M50 junction.[4]
Worcestershire County Council, the police and particularly the county surveyor of Worcestershire made repeated representations that a dual three-lane standard motorway was appropriate. The Ministry of Transport insisted that a dual two-lane motorway would be built at a cost of around £8 million. The Motorways Archive also records that the carriageways were also built to a lower overall width of 88 feet (27 m) rather than 100 feet (30 m) to reduce the loss of agricultural land. When the decision became necessary to widen the Worcestershire section of M5, it cost £123 million.[4]
The 2-mile (3.2 km) dual two-lane section between junctions 16 and 17 built at Filton, near Bristol, was also opened in 1962, and was intended to replace the pre-war Filton bypass.[2][3][5] Gloucestershire County Council acted as engineer for this section, which was widened to a dual three-lane motorway in 1969.[3]
North of junction 4 the M5 was constructed in sections, from 1967 to 1970, together with the Frankley services. Much of the northern section beyond junction 3, from about Oldbury to the junction with the M6 motorway, was constructed as an elevated dual three-lane motorway over Birmingham Canal (Old Main Line), Birmingham Canal (New Main Line), and Titford Pool using concrete pillars.[3]
The M5 was also extended southwards, in sections, from 1967 to 1977, through Gloucestershire and Somerset, to Exeter in Devon as a dual three-lane motorway,[3] together with the Strensham services.
The section from Huntworth (J24) to Blackbrook, on the east of Taunton, (J25) was built by A. Monk Ltd, of Padgate, with a contract for £5,721,086 in May 1973 for seven miles.[6] The southbound lane opened on Tuesday 4 November 1975, and the northbound lane opened on Tuesday 25 November 1975. But the motorway section was not legally a motorway for the first few weeks, as it was incomplete.[7] The northbound lane was not fully finished until Easter 1976. Monk Ltd had asked for two extensions to the commercial contract, and some construction subcontractors had entered into liquidation.
The short section between junctions 27 and 29 was built between 1967 and 1969, by Devon County Council, as the A38 Cullompton Bypass, with the intention that it should become part of the M5.[2] The termini for this section have since been removed, although part of the southern terminal roundabout is now used as an emergency access.[8] The section was developed to motorway standards, and incorporated into the M5 in 1975.[2]
Naming
When the initial English motorway system, including the now-M5, was being planned, no numbering system had been agreed. A 1958 Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation memo [citation needed]suggested basing motorway numbers on the existing A road numbering scheme, suggesting that "M5" would be either the section of the London-Doncaster motorway (now the M1) south of Birmingham or the spur from it to Birmingham (now part of the M6), and that the Birmingham to Bristol motorway, now the M5, could be the M38. However, by 1959, the name M5 for the Birmingham to Bristol motorway had been agreed.[citation needed] Rather than take its number from the sector radiating from London, as would be the case for a non-motorway road, it formed (along with the Bristol Channel and the M6) the boundary of a new numbering sector for motorways.
Operational history
Junction 1 surrounds a surviving gatehouse from the former Sandwell Hall. The section from junctions 16 and 18 was illuminated in about 1973 as part of a wider policy announced by Minister for Transport Industries, John Peyton, in 1972 to illuminate the 86 miles (138 km) of UK motorway particularly prone to fog.[9]
In the late 1980s, junction 4a was built as part of the M42 motorway construction project. The route of the M42 was decided as early as 1972 but, owing to planning delays, the short section of the M42 north of Bromsgrove did not open until December 1989.[10]
As the M5 traffic increased in the 1980s, junction 11, the main Gloucester and Cheltenham access (via the A40 Golden Valley by-pass) became increasingly congested. At the same time there were plans for large scale business and housing developments at Brockworth, near Gloucester. To relieve junction 11 of some of the new traffic generated, & avoid more congestion around both Cheltenham & Gloucester, a new junction, 11A, 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south of junction 11, was constructed and opened in the mid-1990s. A further feature of this junction was to create a new route from the south west Midlands to London and central southern England via the A417, A419 and the M4 at junction 15.
The Avonmouth Bridge was converted to eight lanes (four lanes in each direction) in the early 2000s. Later, in 2005–2006, parts of the M5 between junctions 17 and 20 were widened to 7 lanes (four lanes climbing the hills and three lanes descending the hills); variable message signs were added and parts of the central reservation was converted to a concrete step barrier. During this stage of construction the M5 became Britain's longest contraflow system,[11][12] spanning 9 miles (14 km) between junctions 19 and 20. The M5 contraflow was said to be the most complicated ever built in the UK as the motorway is on a split level around the steep hills of the Gordano Valley; meaning four lanes plus an additional emergency vehicle lane were squeezed into that section.[13]
In 2002, extended exits for junction 12 were constructed. The Highways Agency did not anticipate the traffic flows through the junction and the resultant queues soon extended back onto the motorway.[14]
The Cullompton services are signed on the motorway in the northbound direction only. This was implemented to reduce congestion at the low capacity junction, although there is still access available to the services southbound through the junction. Also, the northbound exit slip to the junction was reduced to one lane instead of two to reduce traffic on the small roundabout at the west side of the junction.
In 2009, it was announced that the lighting between junctions 30 and 31 would be turned off between midnight and 05:00 to save energy.[15]
Proposals were announced in September 2009 for a new Gloucester Services between junctions 11a and 12.[16] A planning application was submitted in December 2009. Stroud District councillors approved the services in August 2010.[17] The Services opened in May 2014[18]
In September 2020, Highways England announced that the section between junctions 1 and 2 in the West Midlands will be one of four in England to have its speed limit reduced to 60 mph (97 km/h) in a bid to reduce high levels of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide in the particular area.[19]
Future developments
In 2020, it was announced that junction 10 would be undergoing significant roadworks as part of a redevelopment project on the A4019. The works will involve making the interchange full-access and dualling the A4019 east of the junction into Cheltenham.[20] Works will commence in 2023 (subject to permission being granted) and be completed in 2024, according to the Gloucestershire County Council.[20]
There have been suggestions that the Government extend the M5 south, to the city of Plymouth, which currently relies on the A38 road. The argument for such an extension has intensified in light of the closure of Plymouth City Airport in 2011, and the 2014 breaching of the South Devon Railway sea wall following storms that in turn, cut off Plymouth and Cornwall's rail access.[21][22] However this would involve a number of reconstruction works including realignment where the current route of the A38 follows tight bends.
Improvements to junction 25 at Taunton were approved with an £18 million programme that will include the enlargement of the junction roundabout, the widening of the eastern junction slip road exit, and an additional roundabout southeast of the junction to provide access to a new business park and to a proposed bypass of the hamlet of Henlade.[23]
Incidents and events
Discovery of bones
In October 2009, workmen clearing vegetation from the slip road at junction 14 discovered human bones in a black bin bag dumped in the bushes.[24] The police were called soon after, and it was soon established that the bones were those of a young female. A few days later, DNA found on the remains confirmed that the body was that of Melanie Hall, a Bath hospital worker who disappeared in June 1996 after a night out in Bath, and who had been declared dead in absentia in 2004. Dental records confirmed that the body was hers, and the police began a formal investigation into her murder.[25] As of 2016 no one has been prosecuted in connection with this case. Some keys were also discovered and the police contacted Ford to help them trace the vehicle.
2011 multi-vehicle collision
On the evening of Friday 4 November 2011, seven people were killed and a further 51 injured in a major crash involving over 50 vehicles which included cars, vans and large goods vehicles near junction 25 in West Monkton, near Taunton.[26] Several vehicles were burnt out in the fire which developed at the scene as the result of a series of explosions, and the road surface was seriously damaged, not just by the fire and explosions, but also by fuel spillage.[27] The cause of the crash, which took place in wet foggy conditions close to a firework display, was investigated. One person was charged for breach under health and safety laws and found not guilty.[28]
Junctions
Data from driver location signs are used to provide distance and carriageway identifier information.[29][30][31] Where both the start and end point of the junction are known, both have been included.
Cultural references
M5#1 is a song from the 1994 album Middle Class Revolt by post-punk band The Fall which uses the M5 to describe reverting to a romanticised agricultural past that never really existed.[32]
See also
References
Notes
- ^ "M5 Somerset Willow Man: 'Can't let him fall apart'". BBC News. 13 August 2021. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
- ^ a b c d e Charlesworth (1984), pp. 135–140
- ^ a b c d e Charlesworth (1984), pp. 100–123, Table 7.3
- ^ a b "M5 Widening between Junctions 3 & 8". CIHT. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- ^ Ordnance Survey One Inch Map of Great Britain, Series 7 Sheet 156, major roads revised 1963.
- ^ Cheddar Valley Gazette Friday 4 May 1973, page 14
- ^ Cheddar Valley Gazette Thursday 27 November 1975, page 8
- ^ "SABRE Photo Gallery".
- ^ "News: Motorway lighting". Autocar. Vol. 137 nbr 3978. 13 July 1972. p. 19.
- ^ "The Motorway Archive – M42". Iht.org. Archived from the original on 14 June 2009. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ^ Sky News – UK's Longest Contraflow Archived 14 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "'Most complex' contraflow". BBC News. 29 October 2005. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ^ Western Daily Press – West beware! It's Britain's biggest road contraflow
- ^ "Agency admits error over junction". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. 18 November 2005. Retrieved 1 January 2008.
- ^ "Night switch-off for M5 lighting". BBC News. 12 March 2009. Retrieved 10 August 2010.
- ^ "Eco-services plan for M5". This is Gloucestershire. 17 September 2009. Archived from the original on 11 September 2012. Retrieved 15 January 2010.
- ^ "Plans for Gloucestershire M5 service station approved". BBC News Gloucestershire. 10 August 2010. Retrieved 10 August 2010.
- ^ "Planning background". Gloucestershiregatewayservies. Archived from the original on 28 October 2010. Retrieved 11 November 2010.
- ^ "Motorways to trial 60mph limits to cut pollution". BBC News. BBC. 12 September 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
- ^ a b "Pinpoint". m5-junction-10-have-your-say.gloucestershire.gov.uk. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
- ^ "M5 will be extended to Plymouth if these business leaders get their wish". Cornwall Live. 27 September 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
- ^ "Calls to extend M5 from Exeter to Plymouth". ITV. 20 November 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
- ^ "Taunton £18m motorway upgrade approved". BBC News. 9 March 2018.
- ^ "M5 bones find confirmed as female". BBC News. 7 October 2009. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
- ^ "Man held over Melanie Hall M5 murder inquiry". BBC News. 1 July 2010. Retrieved 3 March 2013.
- ^ "Seven confirmed dead in M5 accident in Somerset". BBC News. 5 November 2011. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
- ^ O'Carroll, Lisa (5 November 2011). "M5 Crash: Latest Updates: Live". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
- ^ Bayley, Jon (7 November 2011). "Police investigate smoke as possible cause of M5 pile-up in which seven died". Western Morning News. Archived from the original on 15 January 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
- ^ "Traffic England Live Traffic Condition Map". Locations extracted from Traffic Camera Popup (J1 to J10). Highways Agency. Archived from the original on 10 February 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2009.
- ^ J11-J18: Driver Location Signs, M5 J18-11, M4 J22-15 (map) Highway Authority 2009
- ^ J19-J30: Driver Location Signs, M5 J19-30 (map) – Highway Authority, 2009
- ^ "The Annotated Fall - M5 #1". The Annotated Fall. 17 November 2019. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
Sources
- Charlesworth, George (1984). A History of British Motorways. London: Thomas Telford. ISBN 0-7277-0159-2.
Further reading
- Jackson, Mike (2003). The M5 Sights Guide. Severnpix. ISBN 978-0954540203.
External links
Geographic data related to M5 motorway at OpenStreetMap
- Central Motorway Police Group
- CBRD Motorway Database – M5
- CBRD videos – M5
- Major roads of Great Britain – M5
- The Motorway Archive
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