Levin M. Powell
Levin Mynn Powell | |
|---|---|
 Photo of Admiral Powell in 1870 | |
| Born | April 8, 1798 Winchester, Virginia, U.S. |
| Died | January 15, 1885 (aged 86) Washington, D.C., U.S. |
| Buried | |
| Allegiance |  United States |
| Service |  United States Navy (Union Navy) |
| Years of service | 1813–1872 |
| Rank |  Rear admiral |
| Commands |
|
| Battles / wars | |
Levin Mynn Powell (April 8, 1798 – January 15, 1885) was a rear admiral of the United States Navy. He was known for his service in the Second Seminole War and developing riverine warfare techniques to fight the Seminole tribe in Florida. He also served with the Union Navy in the American Civil War.
Early life
Levin Mynn Powell was born on April 8, 1798, in Winchester, Virginia, to Sidney (née Thruston) and Alfred Harrison Powell.[1][2]
Career
Powell joined the United States Navy in 1813.[3] On March 1, 1817, Powell was appointed midshipman. He served in the Mediterranean Sea for three years and in the China Seas for three years. He was promoted to lieutenant on April 28, 1826, following service in the Gulf of Mexico and West Indies fight pirates.[1][3] He then served again in the Mediterranean aboard the schooner USS Porpoise. He was transferred to another ship in the squadron, the frigate USS Java, in 1830.[3] He then served in the sloop USS Natchez in Charleston, South Carolina, and then moved back to Europe and was stationed off the French coast.[3] From 1836 to 1838, Powell commanded forces and the USRC Washington during the Second Seminole War and fought with the Seminole in Florida.[1][4][5][6] The riverine warfare that Powell developed would be used to improve amphibious techniques against the Seminoles.[1][5] He was engaged at the First Battle of the Loxahatchee on January 15, 1838, sometimes called "Powell's Battle". During the battle, Powell and his troops were ambushed and defeated by Seminole warriors. He was wounded in the battle.[3][4][7]
From 1840 to 1841, Powell was commanding officer of the brig USS Consort and surveyed the coast from the Appalachicola River to the Mississippi River.[1] In June 1843, Powell was commissioned as commander. From 1848 to 1849, he was Assistant Inspector of Ordnance in Washington, D.C.[3] In July 1849, Powell commanded the sloop-of-war USS John Adams. He was with the John Adams for one and a half years; sailing to Brazil and the African coast.[3][8] Powell then served as an executive officer at the Washington Navy Yard for three years.[3] Powell commanded the USS Potomac and was promoted to captain in September 1855. From 1856 to 1860, Powell was inspector of contract steamers.[3] During the American Civil War, Powell commanded the USS Potomac of the Union Navy, from August 20, 1861, to June 29, 1862. The Potomac was on blockade duty in the Gulf of Mexico. He was promoted to commodore in July 1866 and promoted again to rear admiral on the retired list in 1869.[3][1] He did not retire until 1872.[3]
Powell served as Inspector of the Third Lighthouse District for four years and was on special service at the department for six years.[3]
Personal life
Powell was married.[9] Powell died on January 15, 1885, at his house in Washington, D.C. He was buried at Oak Hill Cemetery in Washington, D.C.[1][3][10]
Legacy
Powell left an endowment in his will with the Columbian University to establish a naval school to "prepare young men...to enter the Naval Academy at Annapolis".[11][12] The will was disputed due to the belief that Powell was not of sound mind while signing it. The will was sustained.[9][13] On March 15, 1885, the Admiral Powell Scholarships were established at Columbian University.[14]
The riverine warfare techniques that Powell developed in the Second Seminole War would be used more than one hundred years later in the Vietnam War by the United States military.[1][5]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h Buker, George E. (1968). "Lieutenant Levin M. Powell, U.S.N., Pioneer of Riverine Warfare". Florida Historical Quarterly. Archived from the original on August 20, 2022. Retrieved August 20, 2022.
- ^ Johnson, Rossiter; Brown, John Howard (1904). The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans. Biographical Society. p. 415. Retrieved September 21, 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Rear-Admiral Powell". The New York Times. January 17, 1885. p. 2. Retrieved August 20, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "Loxahatchee River Battlefield Park". pbcgov.org. Retrieved August 20, 2022.
- ^ a b c Zemke, Cynthia M. (2012). "Stephen C. Rowan and the U.S. Navy: Sixty Years of Service". Utah State University. Archived from the original on May 6, 2022. Retrieved August 20, 2022.
- ^ Fredriksen, John C. (2010). The United States Navy: A Chronology, 1775 to the Present. pp. 57–58. Retrieved August 20, 2022.
- ^ Florida Seminole Wars Heritage Trail. Florida Department of State. 2015. Retrieved August 20, 2022.
- ^ "Register of All Officers and Agents, Civil, Military, and Naval, of the Service of the United States on the Thirtieth September, 1849" (PDF). govinfo.gov. 1849. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 8, 2022. Retrieved August 20, 2022.
- ^ a b "Opening of the Contest Over the Late Admiral Powell's Will". The Critic. Washington, D.C. April 21, 1885. p. 1. Retrieved August 20, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Oak Hill Cemetery, Georgetown, D.C. (North Hill) – Lot 291 (Powell Family Mausoleum)" (PDF). Oak Hill Cemetery. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 2, 2022. Retrieved August 20, 2022.
- ^ "Will of Admiral Powell". The Philadelphia Inquirer. January 21, 1885. p. 1. Retrieved August 20, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Admiral Powell's Will". Alexandria Gazette. January 21, 1885. p. 3. Retrieved August 20, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "News of the Day". Alexandria Gazette. p. 2. Retrieved August 20, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Stockton, Charles Herbert (1916). "Historical Sketch of George Washington University, Washington, D. C., Formerly Known as Columbian University and Columbian College, Accompanied by a Sketch of the Lives of the Presidents". Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington, D.C. 19: 114. JSTOR 40067059. Retrieved August 20, 2022 – via JSTOR.