Lancia Flaminia
1961 Lancia Flaminia GT
Overview
Manufacturer	Lancia
Production	1957–1970
Assembly	Italy: San Paolo Albanese, Basilicata (Berlina) Grugliasco, Turin (Coupé and 335) Nova Milanese, Lombardy (GT, GTL and convertible) Portello, Milan (Sport and Super Sport)
Designer	Pininfarina (Berlina, Coupé, 335) Ercole Spada at Zagato (Sport/Super Sport)[1] Carrozzeria Touring (GT, GTL, Convertible)[2]
Body and chassis
Class	Luxury car (F)
Body style	4-door saloon (Pininfarina) 2-door coupé (Pininfarina) 2-door coupé (Zagato) 2-door coupé (Touring) 2-door convertible (Touring) 4-door landaulet (Pininfarina)[2]
Layout	Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive
Powertrain
Engine	2.5 L Lancia V6[2] 2.8 L Lancia V6
Transmission	4-speed manual 4-speed Saxomat semi-automatic[2]
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,870 mm (113.0 in) saloon 2,515 mm (99.0 in) coupé
Length	4,877 mm (192.0 in) saloon 4,496 mm (177.0 in) coupé
Width	1,753 mm (69.0 in) saloon 1,651 mm (65.0 in) coupé
Height	1,473 mm (58.0 in) saloon 1,295 mm (51.0 in) coupé
Kerb weight	1,430 kg (3,153 lb) saloon 1,440 kg (3,175 lb) coupé
Chronology
Predecessor	Lancia Aurelia
Successor	Lancia Gamma

The Lancia Flaminia (Tipo 813/823/824/826) is a luxury car produced by Italian automaker Lancia from 1957 until 1970. It was Lancia's flagship model at that time, replacing the Aurelia. It was available throughout its lifetime as in saloon, coupé and cabriolet body styles. The Flaminia coupé and cabriolet were coachbuilt cars with bodies from several prestigious Italian coachbuilders. Four "presidential" stretched limousines were produced by Pininfarina for use on state visits.

12,633 cars were sold over its 13 year lifespan.^[3] The coupé outsold the four-door saloon, an unusual occurrence, especially in light of the Flaminia coupés' coachbuilt bodies making them considerably more expensive than the stately Berlina. After a seven-year hiatus, the Flaminia was effectively replaced by the Gamma as Lancia's new flagship in 1976.^{[citation needed]}

The Flaminia was named after the Via Flaminia, the road leading from Rome to Ariminum (Rimini). This respected the established Lancia tradition of naming individual models after Roman roads.

The Flaminia's chassis was a development of the Aurelia's, but was significantly upgraded. The front suspension was changed to a more conventional configuration with double wishbones, coil springs, telescopic shock absorbers, and an anti-roll bar. The rear suspension retained the De Dion setup, with a transaxle mounted at the rear as in the Aurelia. The first Berlina was available with drum brakes or disc brakes, all other models used disc brakes only. They benefitted from the Pirelli Cinturato 165H400 CA67radial tyre technology.

The original two bodies of the Flaminia were developed by Italian automobile design house Pinin Farina and modelled after two Aurelia-based motor show specials also developed by the same, named Florida. The Florida I, presented at the 1955 Turin Auto Show, was a saloon with rear suicide doors. The Florida II, presented a year later at the Salon International de l'Auto in Geneva, was a 2-door coupé, and became Battista Farina's personal car of choice. The production version of the Flaminia debuted in 1957.^[2]

The Flaminia's engine was an evolution of the world's first production V6, which was introduced in the Aurelia. It had increased bore and decreased stroke. The engines were mounted longitudinally, powering the rear wheels through a 4-speed rear-mounted transaxle. A version with increased displacement was introduced in 1962.^[2]

The Flaminia Berlina prototype was unveiled at the Turin Auto Show in March 1957. It differed from the production version by having Florida-inspired suicide rear doors that opened opposite to the front doors.^[4] The saloon version of the car was generally designated by the Italian word for this body style, Berlina. Designed by Pininfarina and based on the Florida I prototype, this was the only body style to be built by Lancia themselves, as well as becoming the only body style to last through the entire production period. 3,344 cars were built with the 2.5 L engine, and an additional 599 with the 2.8 L version of the V6 engine. They were assembled at Lancia's old facility at Borgo San Paolo as the last model to be built there.^[2][3]

The Coupé was also designed by Pininfarina, but was built by the coachbuilder and not at a Lancia factory. It was very similar to the Florida II prototype with a 2+2 seating layout. Like all the other 2-door versions, the Coupé had a shortened wheelbase relative to the Berlina. The front end of the Coupé does not majorly differ from the Berlina, but the headlight frames are completely round, whereas they point slightly upwards in the Berlina. The Coupé was also fitted with the unusual 175HR400 Pirelli Cinturato CA67 millimetric tyres. 5,236 cars (4,151 with the 2.5-litre engine and 1,085 with the 2.8-litre engine) were built until 1967.^[2][3]

The GT, GTL, and Convertibile models of the Flaminia were designed and built by Carrozzeria Touring with the bodies made from aluminium. These body styles can be easily distinguished by their four round headlights (rather than two on Pininfarina-designed Flaminias), and a shorter cabin - the wheelbase was decreased significantly for the GT and Convertibile, allowing for only a two-seater layout. The GTL, introduced in 1962, was a 2+2 version of the GT with a slightly longer wheelbase. The Convertibile was in production until 1964, with 847 cars made in total (180 made with the 2.8-litre engine), while the GT and GTL were in production until 1965, with production totaling 1,718 cars for the GT and 300 cars for the GTL (out of which, 168 GTs and 297 GTLs were made with the 2.8-litre engine).^[2][3]

The Sport was designed and built by Italian coach builder Zagato, and was also a two-seater coupé. It used the same shorter wheelbase chassis as the GT and had a very distinctive rounded aluminium body with pop-out handles. It was featured in the Ian Fleming novel, On Her Majesty's Secret Service.^[5] The Super Sport replaced the Sport in 1964, with the introduction of the 2.8 L 152 CV (112 kW; 150 hp) engine. The first Sport models had flush covered headlights, later changed to more classic round ones. The Super Sport also saw some changes - the rear was updated to a Kammback design, while the front was made more aerodynamic with distinctive tear-shape headlight casings. Until 1967, 593 Sport and Super Sport models were built (99 initial cars with flush headlamps, 344 Sports and 150 Supersports).^[2][3]

• 
  Front of Flaminia Sport Zagato, first series (note covered headlights)
• 
  Front of Flaminia Sport Zagato, second series (1960)
• 
  Rear of Flaminia Sport Zagato, second series (1963)
• 
  Front of Flaminia Super Sport Zagato (1964)
• 
  Rear of Flaminia Super Sport Zagato (1965)

When in 1960 Queen Elizabeth II announced her visit to Italy, the then President Giovanni Gronchi commissioned Pininfarina to supply four stretched Lancia Flaminia limousines to appropriately service the visit, and also renew the dated presidential fleet. The cars were built between 1960 and 1961 in the record time of six months, to a detailed specification and with the assistance of General Motors regarding the extra equipment.

The cars had a seven-seater landaulet body style and were built in a dark blue livery with black Connolly Leather upholstery, a Voxson radio and Pirelli tyres.^[2][3] The cars were first used in Turin for the inauguration of the Celebrazioni del Centenario dell'Unità d'Italia (celebrations for the centenary of Italy's unification), and subsequently for the state visit of Queen Elizabeth II.

This model was officially called the Flaminia 335 (due to its wheelbase of 335 cm (131.9 in)) and is also commonly referred to as Presidenziale or Quirinale (after Quirinal Palace, the residence of the President of the Italian Republic). The individual cars were named Belsito, Belmonte, Belvedere and Belfiore.

All four cars survive today, and were restored by Fiat Auto in 2001.^[6] Two of them are on display in automobile museums: one at Museo Nazionale dell'Automobile, to which it was donated by President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, and another at Museo Storico della Motorizzazione Militare together with other retired presidential cars. The remaining two are still kept in service for the most solemn state occasions, like the Republic Day parade or presidential inaugurations.^[7] There were rumours of a fifth 335 being donated to the Queen, but this seems unsubstantiated.^[8][9]

The Coupé Speciale was unveiled at the 1963 Turin Motor Show designed by Tom Tjaarda at Pininfarina. It was based on the Flaminia coupé with the 2.8-litre triple carburetor engine. The design of the car was a fastback with a steeply inclined rear window and trapezoidal taillights, a design feature that would appear on Tjaarda's subsequent designs as well. The car was initially painted pearl white but underwent some modifications to make it drivable on the road and was repainted in metallic silver. It was also presented at the 1964 Brussels Motor Show and the motorshows in Alassio and Cortina d’Ampezzo. After the motorshows, the car was repainted again in a champagne colour. Battista Farina replaced his Flordia show car with the Coupé Speciale in 1965 as his personal car until his death in 1966. The car was sold to the president of the American Lancia Club in 1972 before being sold on to a Japanese collector who had it repainted back to its original pearl white colour.^[10][11]

• 
  Flaminia Coupé Speciale
• 
  Rear view

The Flaminia Loraymo was designed by American automobile designer Raymond Loewy and was unveiled at the 1960 Paris Motor Show. The car was built by Italian coachbuilder Carrozzeria Motto who specialized in making automobile bodies from aluminium. The name is an acronym of Loewy's first name and surname. The car was based on a Flaminia coupé with the 2.5-litre V6 engine tuned by Nardi to have a power output of 140 hp (142 PS; 104 kW).^[12]

The radical, aerodynamic design featured a jet-inspired front end and a coke-bottle shaped body, as was the characteristic of Loewy's design at the time. Another design highlight of the car was a roof mounted spoiler, present just above the rear window. The large grille of the car is enclosed in a chrome frame which also serves as the front bumper, it is flanked by two fog lamps attached to the grille by two fins. The front fenders of the car, which also house the integrated wing mirrors, are also open ended to allow for enhanced cooling. The car featured aerodynamic solutions considered advanced for the time such as a rear wraparound window and enclosed wheels along with flush elements. The car was a one off and remained in Loewy's personal collection. It was restored and donated to Lancia several years after Loewy's death.^[13]

• 
  Flaminia Lorayamo
• 
  Rear view of the Loraymo

• flaminiagt.co.uk - A record of the restoration of a 1961 Lancia Flaminia GT Touring