Koch may refer to:

• Koch (surname), people with this surname
• Koch dynasty, a dynasty in Assam and Bengal, north east India
• Koch family
• Koch people (or Koche), an ethnic group originally from the ancient Koch kingdom in north east India
  • Koch languages, Sino-Tibetan language family
    • Koch language, a language spoken in India and Bangladesh
• Koch, an alternate name of the Rabha people, in northeast India and surrounding countries
  • Rabha language, their language
• Koch Kingdom, in and around Assam

• Koch (crater), a crater on the Moon
• Koch, Iran (disambiguation), places in Iran
• Koch, Łódź Voivodeship, a village in central Poland
• Koch, Mississippi, United States
• Koch, South Sudan, a village in Unity State, South Sudan
• Koch Bihar, a princely state in north east India
• Koch County, an administrative area in Unity State, South Sudan
• Koch Kingdom, Assam, 13th-16th centuries

• Koch Entertainment LP, now known as E1 Entertainment
  • Koch Records, former name of Entertainment One Music
• Koch Industries, petroleum, chemicals, energy, and commodities trading
• Koch Media, a media distribution company from Germany
• Koch Foods Poultry processor and distributor.

• Koch (boat), a type of Arctic boat
• Koch method of learning Morse Code
• Koch snowflake or star, and Koch curve
• Koch's triangle, an anatomical area of the Human heart
• Koch's postulates, the criteria required to establish the etiology of an infectious disease
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Koch's bacillus), a bacterial species that causes tuberculosis
• Koch (film), a 2012 documentary film about New York City mayor Ed Koch

• Heckler & Koch, maker of firearms
• Koch Institute (disambiguation)
• Kotch, a 1971 film starring Walter Matthau
• Coke (disambiguation), a homophone of some pronunciations of Koch
• Cooch Behar (disambiguation), also Koch Bihar, city in India