Jetter Mars
Jetter Mars Encyclopedia cover, illustrated by Noboru Miyama, 1977
ジェッターマルス (Jettā Marusu)
Genre	Science fiction
Anime television series
Directed by	Rintaro
Written by	Osamu Tezuka
Music by	Nobuyoshi Koshibe
Studio	Toei Animation, Madhouse
Original network	Fuji TV
Original run	February 3, 1977 – September 15, 1977
Episodes	27

Jetter Mars (ジェッターマルス, Jettā Marusu) is an anime series directed by Rintaro and written by Osamu Tezuka.

Unlike the vast majority of Osamu Tezuka's characters, Jetter Mars was not first published in comic book form, written and illustrated by Tezuka, but the character does bear physical resemblance to the titular character of Tezuka's previous work, Tetsuwan Atom. Initially, Jetter Mars was planned as a sequel series to Tetsuwan Atom called Mighty Mars (マイティ・マルス Maiti Marusu)^[1]

Some aspects of Atom's original story are taken and used as the origin of Mars, such as him being created as a powerful android in the image of a boy. Two scientists are involved in Mars' creation, one conceiving him as a combat instrument and the other opposing that purpose, conceiving him as an instrument for peaceful pursuits. This element mirrors the disagreement found in the characters Dr. Tenma and Dr. Ochanomizu in Tetsuwan Atom. Some other borrowed concepts can be found across the series.

Some storylines in the episodes of Jetter Mars were remakes of classic stories Tezuka wrote and drew in his Tetsuwan Atom manga, such as The Artificial Sun and The Last Day on Earth. In the Tezuka tradition, the series showcased many of his characters from his various manga works in different roles.

In the same manner he wrote and illustrated his Tetsuwan Atom manga, Tezuka stayed away from graphic violence in Jetter Mars, although the typical traits of his works are also present in it, such as the importance of moral values, humanity and strong emotiveness.

The series was received by Japan's population with mixed feelings, as some wanted the original Tetsuwan Atom and some accepted Jetter Mars wholeheartedly as a different character, as it was intended to be. This made Tezuka to lose interest in the series and it finished with 27 episodes produced.

The storyline is set in the year 2015. Two scientists, Dr. Kawashimo and Dr. Yamanoue, have created a robot with advanced capabilities. Dr. Kawashimo created his miraculous artificial intelligence, making him almost human, while Dr. Yamanoue created the robot's body, endowing him with astoundingly powerful weaponry.

As expected from Osamu Tezuka, he put his "character acting company", known as Star System, to use to define the cast of Jetter Mars. He created a few of the characters specifically for the series, such as Mars and Melchi, and the vast majority of the cast was classic and well-known characters from Tezuka's works, playing various roles. In the adjacent picture, it is possible to identify many of Tezuka's characters, from left to right: Daidalos, Shunsuke Ban aka Higeoyaji and Tezuka himself in the upper row; Inspector Tawashi, Rock Holmes and Marukubi Boon in the middle row; and Tamao, Shibugaki, Spider, Chief Nakamura, HamEgg, Acetylene Lamp, Ken'ichi and Hyōtan-tsugi in the lower row; among some others.

The following list describes the characters featured more prominently during the series:

Jetter Mars (ジェッターマルス, Jettā Marusu): The protagonist of the series. A powerful robot built in the image of a boy, he has a body that can be used for destruction of cataclysmic proportions, and a near-human artificial intelligence. Mars was designed as a machine for war, and thus named his creation after the Roman god of war. He finds himself often in the predicament of needing to find a balance between his boy heart and overwhelming strength.

Melchi (メルチ, Meruchi): Mars' younger brother, with the body of a baby. Endowed with tremendous physical strength, his only word is "Bakaruchi!" (バカルチ, Bakaruchi) (a word invented by Tezuka with no real meaning). He will also, however rare, speak a sentence.

Miri (美理, Miri): A robot made in the image of a young girl by Dr. Kawashimo. She possessed powers that enabled her to restore destroyed robots and machinery. She is the sister of Mars and Melchi, and daughter to Dr. Kawashimo.

Dr. Kawashimo (川下博士, Kawashimo Hakase): Creator of Jetter Mars' artificial intelligence and heart, and creator of Miri and Melchi. Opposing fellow scientist Dr. Yamanoue, he desired Mars to live a life of good purpose and peace.

Dr. Yamanoue (山之上博士, Yamanoue Hakase): A renowned roboticist responsible for designing Mars. Mars looked up to him as his father. He disappears after the testing of a new gravity weapon.

Dr. Tezuka (手塚博士, Tezuka Hakase): In many of his works, Tezuka drew himself as a character, immersed in the universe of his creations, and interacting with his characters. He was included in the Televiland manga adaptation as a famous roboticist Dr. Yamanoue sees as a rival.

Spider (スパイダー, Supaidā) and Hyōtan-tsugi (ひょうたんつぎ, Hyōtan-tsugi): Two cartoonish characters which briefly appear as comic relief. Hyōtan-tsugi usually appeared falling in front of a character at the most inappropriate of times, and getting kicked out angrily by them, and Spider usually appeared in moments of tension, uttering his trademark phrase, Omukae de gonsu! (おむかえでごんすﾞ, Omukae de gonsu), roughly "Here ta meet ya!". Additionally, Hyōtan-tsugi appeared in each episode during the end credits sequence. Spider appears only in the manga and the opening of the Jetter Mars anime.

HamEgg (ﾊﾑｴｯｸﾞ, Hamueggu): One of Tezuka's most recognizable characters in his Star System. As usual, he is up to no good in Jetter Mars, running a robotic circus. In the anime, he tricks Mars into performing for his circus, but in the manga, HamEgg tricks Mars' little brother, Melchi, into joining the circus instead. Both of them end up sapped of their energy due to HamEgg being upset at them.

The series had 27 episodes, each lasting approximately 24 minutes. It was broadcast by Fuji TV, on Thursday nights. As with all Tezuka's works, the series made use of his Star System cast, featuring many of his characters from previous works (manga or animated) performing various roles. The following list includes the episode title, and airing date.^[2][3]

The anime series also was adapted into a few manga issues published as one-shot stories, based on the storylines shown in the anime. They weren't written or illustrated by Osamu Tezuka, but by various licensed artists. The issues are listed as follows:

• Televiland Comics issue

Stories illustrated by Shigeto Ikehara, published monthly in Televiland Magazine throughout the show's run.

• Bōken-ō Manga magazine issue

Illustrated by Rentarō Iwata for the defunct Bōken-ō manga magazine.

• Televi-Magazine issue

Illustrated by Kai Nanase and published in 1977.

• Chū'ichi Jidai magazine story

Illustrated by Saisuke Hiraga, published from April to August 1979. It is a short story divided in five chapters.

Jetter Mars was released by Avex on March 27, 2009, as a five-disc DVD box set which contains the complete series.^[4]

Several records containing the musical score of Jetter Mars were released during the series run. These are listed as follows:^[5]

1. Mars LP Record (マルスのLPレコード, Marusu no LP recōdo)

Jetter Mars' only LP record, it contained several songs along a mini-drama. The songs included in the record:

• Mars, year 2015 (マルス2015年, Marusu 2015 nen)
• Mars' dream (マルスの夢, Marusu no yume)
• Melchi, Let's Bakaruchi (メルチバカルチガンバルチ, Meruchi Bakaruchi Ganbaruchi)
• Goodnight, Mars (おやすみマルス, Oyasumi Marusu)
• Fighting Mars (戦いのマルス, Tatakai no Marusu)
• Boy Mars (少年マルス, Shōnen Marusu)
• Hate! Love! (キライ!スキ!, Kirai! Suki!)
• Wandering robot (さすらいのロボット, Sasurai no robotto)
• The March of Mars (マルスのマーチ, Marusu no Māchi)
• Space Scat (宇宙のスキャット, Uchū no Sukyatto)

2. Single releases

Several records containing single songs were released. These are listed as follows:

• Mars Single Record 1, included the songs:

• Mars, year 2015 (マルス2015年, Marusu 2015 nen)
• Boy Mars (少年マルス, Shōnen Marusu)

• Mars Single Record 2, included the songs:

• Goodnight, Mars (おやすみマルス, Oyasumi Marusu)
• The March of Mars (マルスのマーチ, Marusu no Māchi)

• Mars Single Record 3, a re-release of the first single record, it also included a track containing the sound effects of the anime:

• Mars, year 2015 (マルス2015年, Marusu 2015 nen)
• Boy Mars (少年マルス, Shōnen Marusu)

• Mars Single Record 4, with the same content of single records 1 and 3, except it did not include the sound effects track. It also contained a Drama track, with the voices and sound effects of the first episode of the anime:

• Mars, year 2015 (マルス2015年, Marusu 2015 nen)
• Boy Mars (少年マルス, Shōnen Marusu)
• Drama track: Mars is born, year 2015 (2015年マルス誕生, 2015 nen Marusu tanjō)

• Mars Single Record 5, its contents were practically the same as Single Record 4, only with some editing variations.

• Mars, year 2015 (マルス2015年, Marusu 2015 nen)
• Boy Mars (少年マルス, Shōnen Marusu)
• Drama track: Mars is born (マルス誕生, Marusu tanjō)

• Mars Single Record 6, included the opening and ending songs of the Jetter Mars anime, along the theme song for the anime adaptation of Yumiko Igarashi and Kyoko Mizuki's classic shōjo manga Candy Candy:

• Mars, year 2015 (マルス2015年, Marusu 2015 nen)
• Boy Mars (少年マルス, Shōnen Marusu)
• Candy Candy (キャンディ・キャンディ, Kyandi・Kyandi)
• I love tomorrow (あしたがすき, Ashita ga suki)

Involved in the production of the series:^[6]

Original concept, creator: Osamu Tezuka (手塚治虫)
Planning: Kōji Bessho (Fuji TV), Takeshi Tamiya
In charge of production: Kiyoshi Ono (first season), Kichirō Sugahara (final season)
Music: Nobuyoshi Koshibe
Series composer: Masao Maruyama
Script: Masaki Tsuji, Shunichi Yukimuro, Yoshitaka Suzuki, Masaru Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Hoshiyama
Chief director: Rintarō (りん・たろう)
Producers: Sumiko Chiba, Noboru Ishiguro, Wataru Mizusawa, Masami Hatano, Katsutoshi Sasaki, Yugo Serizawa, Jihiro Taizumi, Rintarō
Character design supervisor: Akio Sugino
Animation supervisors: Akio Sugino, Toshio Mori, Satoshi Jingu, Wataru Mibu, Tsuneo Kashima, Toyō Ashida
Graphic designer: Liang Wei Huang
Art: Shohei Kawamoto, Liang Wei Huang, Tadao Kubota
Photography: Masaaki Sugaya
Editing: Masaaki Hanai
Audio director: Ryōsuke Koide (Arts Pro)
Recording: Hideyuki Tanaka
Production co-operation: Madhouse
Production: Fuji TV, Toei Animation

• List of Osamu Tezuka manga
• List of Osamu Tezuka anime
• Osamu Tezuka's Star System
• Tezuka Award
• Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize