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Inspiration Mars Foundation

Inspiration Mars Foundation
Founded25 January 2013; 11 years ago (2013-01-25)[1]
FounderDennis Tito
Type501(c)(3) (pending, as of April 2013)[1]
Purpose2018 crewed Mars Flyby, or alternatively a 2021 Venus flyby followed by a Mars flyby
Location
Area served
Earth/Mars/Venus
Key people
Dennis Tito
Jane Poynter
Taber MacCallum
Joe Rothenberg
Miles O'Brien
Jonathan Clark
Thomas Squire

Inspiration Mars Foundation was an American nonprofit organization founded by Dennis Tito that in 2013 proposed to launch a crewed mission to flyby Mars in January 2018,[2][3][4][5][6] or 2021 if they missed the first synodic opportunity in 2018.[7]

Their website[8] became defunct by late 2015. They are no longer operating.

Plans

On 27 February 2013, the Inspiration Mars Foundation held a press conference in the National Press Club. They announce plans to procure space hardware, launch vehicle services, and select a two-person married couple as crew,[9] and then raise the funding necessary to launch a mission to Mars in 2018. Dennis Tito said he would fund the foundation with $100 million for the first years of operation.[10]

At the 2013 conference, however, Dennis Tito admitted that his plan was impossible without investment from NASA and the use of NASA spacecraft.[11] NASA, however, was not willing to become a partner.[12]

Funding

They projected costs of the mission between US$1–2 billion.[13] Tito said he would fund the foundation's cost for the first two years[14] and planned to raise funds from industry and individuals for the mission.[14]

But in testimony before Congress in November 2013, Tito said that he expected private donors would only provide around $300 million, leaving the need for an additional investment of $700 million from the US government. NASA responded that while they were willing to share technical and programmatic expertise, they would not commit to sharing expenses with the organization.[15] The foundation's funding model, dependent on a non-existent partner, never took form.

In March 2014, SpaceX said that they also had been contacted by Inspiration Mars, but that accommodating such requirements would require some additional work and that such work was not the current focus of SpaceX.[16]

Mission trajectory as proposed

Approximate Inspiration Mars Trajectory (not to scale)
Artist's Concept of Inspiration Mars Capsule and Hab.
Inspiration Mars Periapsis.

They proposed a free return trajectory to allow the spacecraft to use the smallest possible amount of propellant to flyby Mars and return to Earth.[17] They stated that the January 2018 launch window offered a rare orbit opportunity to travel to Mars and return to Earth in 501 days.[14]

Their stated backup plan involved a mission beginning in 2021 but it would be 88 days longer. They stated it would require both a flyby of Venus and Mars. The flight would take the spacecraft within 800 kilometres of the surface of Venus, using the planet for a gravity assist to speed the travel to Mars.[18]

According to a paper written by Tito,[citation needed] "the mission would require no maneuvers except small course corrections after a trans-Martian injection burn, [and] would allow no aborts. ... [It will] use low Earth orbit launch and crewed-spacecraft technology, outfitted for the long duration of a flight to Mars." They speculated that when the spacecraft returned to Earth it would reenter the atmosphere at 50 000 km per hour (ca 13.9 km/s), faster than any previous return.[19]

Student design competition

During the 16th Annual International Mars Society Convention in 2013, the Mars Society announced an international engineering competition for student teams to propose designs for the architecture of the mission. The contest was open to university engineering student teams.[20] The design contest took place on 9 August 2014, and was won by an international team from Purdue University in US and Keio University in Japan.[21]

Criticism

A spokesman for NASA stated in February 2013 that "Inspiration Mars's proposed schedule is a significant challenge due to life support systems, space radiation response, habitats and the human psychology of being in a small spacecraft for over 500 days", but that "we remain open to further collaboration as their proposal and plans for a later mission develop".[22]

John Logsdon, professor emeritus at George Washington University's Space Policy Institute, said the timeline was "totally implausible" for a mission to be launched in 2018, although the"Plan B" mission might be possible "if the stars align".[23]

Their website[8] became defunct in late 2015.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Inspiration Mars Wants To Use ISS, NASAwatch, 15 April 2013
  2. ^ Borenstein, Seth (27 February 2013). "Tycoon wants to send married couple on Mars flyby". Excite. Associated Press. Retrieved 3 March 2013.
  3. ^ Boucher, Marc (20 February 2013). "The First Human Mission to Mars in 2018 (Updated)". SpaceRef. Archived from the original on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
  4. ^ Boyle, Alan. "How a millionaire spaceflier intends to send astronauts past Mars in 2018". Cosmic Log. NBCNews.com. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
  5. ^ Mann, Adam (20 February 2013). "Space Tourist to Announce Daring Manned Mars Voyage for 2018". Wired. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
  6. ^ Sonnenberg, Max (23 February 2013). "Millionaire space tourist planning 'historic journey' to Mars in 2018". The Space Reporter. Archived from the original on 26 February 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2013.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  7. ^ "Dennis Tito's Prepared Remarks Before Congress on Human Mars Mission at Parabolic Arc". Parabolicarc.com. 20 November 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2013.
  8. ^ a b "The Foundation". Archived from the original on 13 October 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  9. ^ Moskowitz, Clara (28 February 2013). "Private Mission to Mars in 2018: Who Should Go?". space.com. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
  10. ^ Belfiore, Michael (27 February 2013). "The Crazy Plan to Fly Two Humans to Mars in 2018". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
  11. ^ "Ambitious Mars joy-ride cannot succeed without NASA - space - 21 November 2013". New Scientist. 21 November 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2013.
  12. ^ Abrams, Lindsay (21 November 2013). "Dennis Tito: It will take "less than $1 billion" to make Mars mission happen".
  13. ^ Koebler, Jason (1 March 2013). "Expert: Dennis Tito's Mars Flyby Has '1-in-3' Chance of Succeeding". US News. Retrieved 7 March 2013. At a news conference in Washington, D.C., Tito said he's tired of waiting for NASA to send humans to Mars, and that he'd help finance the between $1 and $2 billion needed to complete the mission.
  14. ^ a b c Morring, Frank Jr. (4 March 2013). "Serious Intent About 2018 Human Mars Mission". Aviation Week and Space Technology. Archived from the original on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 7 March 2013.
  15. ^ "Dennis Tito: It will take "less than $1 billion" to make Mars mission happen". Salon.com. 20 November 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2013.
  16. ^ Gwynne Shotwell (21 March 2014). Broadcast 2212: Special Edition, interview with Gwynne Shotwell (audio file). The Space Show. Event occurs at 11:20–12:10. 2212. Archived from the original (mp3) on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  17. ^ Grain Transportation Report. February 28, 2013 (Report). 28 February 2013. doi:10.9752/ts056.02-28-2013.
  18. ^ "Ambitious Mars joy-ride cannot succeed without NASA - space - 21 November 2013". New Scientist. 21 November 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2013.
  19. ^ Nigel Henbest (13 July 2013). "Race to Mars: Who will be first to the Red Planet?". New Scientist: 42–45.
  20. ^ "Rules". The Mars Society. Archived from the original on 30 October 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2013.
  21. ^ [1] [dead link‍]
  22. ^ Achenbach, Joel (24 February 2011). "Going to Mars: Billionaire Dennis Tito plans manned mission with possible 2017 launch". The Washington Post. Retrieved 7 December 2013.
  23. ^ "Going to Mars: Billionaire Dennis Tito plans manned mission with possible 2017 launch". The Washington Post. 20 June 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2013.
Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inspiration_Mars