Illegal mining in Peru
Illegal mining or illegal mineral extraction is a common economic activity in Peru, which consists of the exploitation of metallic minerals (such as gold) and non-metallic minerals (clay, marble, among others) to finance criminal organizations.[1] Illegal mining rose to prominence in the late 1970s with the emergence of informality in that sector.[2] It is characterized by having no social and environmental control or regulation, which is shared by the artisanal sector in the country.[3]
Those who promote and carry out illegal mining, have means and forms of organization, which act outside the control mechanisms of the Peruvian state and systematically evade relevant legal norms.[4] Illegal mining operations are located mainly in the departments of Madre de Dios,[5] Puno and La Libertad.[6] In the case of the Amazon rainforest, 17 protected natural areas were compromised by it.[7]
Peru is one of various countries in the region, such as Brazil, Colombia and Ecuador that have significant problems with illegal mining.[8]
In the 2000s in the Amazonian department of Madre de Dios the illegal exploitation of gold dramatically increased the recruitment and coercion of adolescents into prostitution through false employment offers.[9]
See also
References
- ^ "Poder Judicial: Minería ilegal ahora es controlada por organizaciones criminales". canaln.pe (in Spanish). 2023-12-08. Retrieved 2023-12-08.
- ^ Sociedad Peruana de Derecho Ambiental 2014, p. 179
- ^ "¿En qué se diferencian la minería informal y la minería ilegal?". Caretas (in Spanish). 2024-01-31. Retrieved 2024-02-06.
- ^ Guillermo Medina, Jorge Arévalo A. Felipe Quea J. “Estudio de Investigación de la Minería Ilegal en el Perú: Repercusión para el Sector Minero y el país”, Arequipa, 2007, pág 5 http://www.iimp.org.pe/website2/publicaciones/EstudioIIMP3_MineriaIlegal.pdf Archived 2008-09-16 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Macera, Daniel (2018-07-23). "Minería ilegal y Madre de Dios: la relación difícil de romper". El Comercio (in Spanish). ISSN 1605-3052. Retrieved 2023-07-02.
- ^ Sociedad Peruana de Derecho Ambiental 2014, p. 180
- ^ Sociedad Peruana de Derecho Ambiental 2014, p. 175
- ^ Guzmán, José Tomás (2025-03-04). "Minería ilegal en Chile: Las cifras detrás del tipo de extracción que terminó en un derrumbe fatal en Copiapó". Emol (in Spanish). Retrieved 2025-03-05.
- ^ "La Republica: Exposé on child prostitution in Peruvian Amazon mining towns". Peruvian Times. 10 August 2008. Retrieved 2009-11-16.
- Bibliography
- Sociedad Peruana de Derecho Ambiental (2014). La realidad de la minería ilegal en países amazónicos : Bolivia, Brasil, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú, Venezuela. pp. 175–218. ISBN 978-9972-792-89-2. OCLC 904295311. Retrieved 2022-10-08.