Hydnangiaceae
| Hydnangiaceae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Laccaria amethystina | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Hydnangiaceae Gäum. & C.W.Dodge (1928) |
| Type genus | |
| Hydnangium Wallr. (1839) | |
| Genera | |
The Hydnangiaceae are a family of fungi in the mushroom order Agaricales. Widespread in temperate and tropical regions throughout the world, the family contains about 30 species in four genera.[1] Species in the Hydnangiaceae form ectomycorrhizal relationships with various species of trees in both coniferous and deciduous forests.[2]
Description
They may have fruit bodies with stipes and caps (pileate-stipiate), or gasteroid (with internal spore production, like puffballs). When pileate, the cap is smooth to scaly, sometimes striate, typically orange-brown or violet in color. The gills are widely spaced, thick, and waxy. In gasteroid forms, fruit body shape is irregular, with thin walls. Also, the peridium (the outer layer of the spore-bearing organ) is sometimes short-lasting (evanescent). Columella (the central, sterile part of the sporangium) may be absent or present, the hymenia are not gelatinized, and are formed in locules. Basidia are club-shaped (clavate), with two or four sterigmata, sometimes with accompanying cheilocystidia (cystidia on the edges of gills).
Distribution and habitat
Hydnangiaceae taxa have a widespread distribution in both temperate and tropical zones.[3]
Ecology
Hydnangiaceae species are ectomycorrhizal, forming symbiotic relationships with various plant species, and have an important role in forest ecosystems.[4][5]
Genera
- Hydnangium has hypogeal fruit bodies like truffles, with no stipe, nor a columella.[6]
- Laccaria has 'typical' mushroom-shaped (pileate-stipiate) fruit bodies.
- Maccagnia is a poorly known gasteroid genus containing a single species from Italy.[7]
- Podohydnangium has subepigeal fruit bodies, with partially exposed gleba at the base and a stipe columnella.[8]
See also
References
- ^ Matheny PB, Curtis JM, Hofstetter V, et al. (2006). "Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview". Mycologia. 98 (6): 982–995. doi:10.3852/mycologia.98.6.982. PMID 17486974.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Cannon PF, Kirk PM (2007). Fungal Families of the World. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 164. ISBN 978-0-85199-827-5.
- ^ Mueller GM. (1997). "Distribution and species composition of Laccaria (Agaricales) in tropical and subtropical America". Revista de Biología Tropical. 44: 131–135.
- ^ Mueller GM. "Systematics of Laccaria (Agaricales) in the Continental United States and Canada, with discussions on extralimital taxa and descriptions of extant types". Fieldiana: Botany. New Series. 30: 1–158.
- ^ Roy M, Dubois MP, Proffit M, Vincenot L, Desmarais E, Selosse MA (2008). "Evidence from population genetics that the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria amethystina is an actual multihost symbiont". Molecular Ecology. 17 (12): 2825–2838. Bibcode:2008MolEc..17.2825R. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03790.x. PMID 18489549. S2CID 205360939.
- ^ Dodge CW, Zeller SM (1936). "Hydnangium and related genera". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 23 (4): 565–598. doi:10.2307/2394151. JSTOR 2394151.
- ^ Singer R. (1959). "Type Studies on Basidiomycetes IX: Maccagnia carnica". Sydowia. 13: 235–238.
- ^ Beaton G, Pegler DN, Young TW (1984). "Gasteroid Basidiomycota of Victoria State, Australia. I. Hydnangiaceae". Kew Bulletin. 39 (3): 499–508. Bibcode:1984KewBu..39..499B. doi:10.2307/4108593. JSTOR 4108593.