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List of Hindu festivals

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Explanatory note
Hindu festival dates

The Hindu calendar is lunisolar but most festival dates are specified using the lunar portion of the calendar. A lunar day is uniquely identified by three calendar elements: māsa (lunar month), pakṣa (lunar fortnight) and tithi (lunar day).

Furthermore, when specifying the masa, one of two traditions are applicable, viz. amānta / pūrṇimānta. If a festival falls in the waning phase of the moon, these two traditions identify the same lunar day as falling in two different (but successive) masa.

A lunar year is shorter than a solar year by about eleven days. As a result, most Hindu festivals occur on different days in successive years on the Gregorian calendar.

Hindus celebrate a diverse number of festivals and celebrations, many of which commemorate events from ancient India and often align with seasonal changes.[1] These festivities take place either on a fixed annual date on the solar calendar, or on a specific day of the lunisolar calendar. The observance of these festivals often varies by region, with many being predominantly celebrated by particular sects or in specific areas of the Indian subcontinent.

Terminology

Dolu Utsava

Utsava is the Sanskrit word for festivals. The Sanskrit word Utsava comes from the word "ut" meaning "Starts" and "sava" which means "change" or "decline".[2] Dolu means "seasonal colouring". Both solar and lunisolar calendar operates based on Dolu Utsava.

Observance periods (tithi)

See also: Astronomical basis of the Hindu calendar § chandramana

Hindu calendar dates are usually prescribed according to a lunisolar calendar. In Vedic timekeeping, a māsa is a lunar month, a pakṣa is a lunar fortnight, and a tithi is a lunar day.

There are two prevailing definitions of the lunar month: amānta , where the month ends with the new moon, and pūrṇimānta, where it ends with the full moon. Consequently, the same day may be associated with different but adjoining months. When a festival takes place during śukla paksha (the waxing phase of the moon), both traditions attribute it to the same month. However, if the festival occurs during kṛṣṇa paksha (the waning phase of the moon), the two traditions assign it to different but adjacent months.

Popular Hindu festivals
Festival māsa pakṣa tithi
amānta pūrṇimānta
Gudi Padwa/Ugadi caitra śukla prathama
Rama Navami caitra śukla navamī
Akshaya Tritiya
Guru Purnima āṣādha śukla pūrima
Naga Panchami
Raksha Bandhan śrāvaṇa śukla pūrima
Krishna Janmashtami śrāvaṇa bhādra kṛṣṇa aṣṭamī
Ganesh Chaturthi bhādra śukla caturthī
Ganesh Visarjan bhādra śukla pūrima
Pitru Paksha begins bhādra āśvina kṛṣṇa prathama
Pitru Paksha ends

Sarvapitru Amavasya

bhādra āśvina kṛṣṇa amāvasyā
Navaratri begins āśvina śukla prathama
Durga Ashtami

(8th day of Navaratri)

āśvina śukla aṣṭamī
Maha Navami

(9th day of Navaratri)

āśvina śukla navamī
Navaratri ends

Vijaya Dashami

āśvina śukla daśamī
Karva Chauth āśvina kārtika kṛṣṇa caturthī
Diwali begins

Dhan Teras

āśvina kārtika kṛṣṇa trayodaśī
Naraka Chaturdashi

(2nd day of Diwali)

āśvina kārtika kṛṣṇa caturdaśī
Deepavali / Lakshmi Puja

(3rd day of Diwali)

āśvina kārtika kṛṣṇa amāvasyā
Annakut or Bali Padyami

(4th day of Diwali)

kārtika śukla prathama
Diwali ends

Bhai Dooj

kārtika śukla dvitīya
Vasant Panchami magha śukla pañcamī
Maha Shivaratri magha phālguna kṛṣṇa caturdaśī
Holi phālguna śukla caturdaśī

Sublists

List and descriptions of major Hindu festivals

The tithi shown in the following list is as per the amānta tradition.

See also

Hindu festival-related concepts

Others

References

  1. ^ Gowda, Prabhu (8 August 2017). "10 Hindu Festivals You Should Know About". Culture Trip. Archived from the original on 2 October 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  2. ^ Sivkishen (23 January 2015). Kingdom of Shiva. Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd. ISBN 978-81-288-3028-0. Archived from the original on 7 September 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
  3. ^ [1] Archived 15 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine Post Jagran Article 15 January 2014
  4. ^ [2] Archived 15 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Pongalfestival.org.
  5. ^ Friedrichs, Kurt (1994). "Sarasvatī". In Schuhmacher, Stephan; Woerner, Gert (eds.). The Encyclopedia of Eastern Philosophy and Religion: Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, Zen. Boston: Shambala. p. 306. ISBN 0-87773-980-3. The goddess of ... scholarship ... She is also the patron of the arts, especially of music.
  6. ^ Kent, Alexandra. Divinity and Diversity: A Hindu Revitalization Movement in Malaysia. University of Hawaii Press, 2005. (ISBN 8791114896)
  7. ^ Hume, Lynne. Portals.
  8. ^ "Mahashivaratri Festival : Festival of Shivratri, Mahashivratri Festival India – Mahashivaratri Festival 2019". Mahashivratri.org. Archived from the original on 3 September 2023. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  9. ^ "Rama Navami – Hindupedia, the Hindu Encyclopedia". Hindupedia.com. Archived from the original on 17 April 2018. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  10. ^ "Story Behind Vishu Festival". www.vishufestival.org. Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  11. ^ "Hanuman Jayanti – Hanuman Jayanti 2018 Date – Celebrations in India". Indiaonlinepages.com. 31 March 2018. Archived from the original on 17 March 2018. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  12. ^ "Telangana Tourism – Visit for all reasons & all seasons". www.telanganatourism.gov.in. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  13. ^ "About Bathukamma | Bathukamma – Telangana's Floral Festival". bathukamma.telangana.gov.in. Archived from the original on 4 November 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  14. ^ Rinehart, Robin; Rinehart, Robert (2004). Contemporary Hinduism: Ritual, Culture, and Practice. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-905-8.
  15. ^ Kumar, Ajith (14 December 2019). The Murder of Alexander the Great, Book 1: The Puranas: Book 1: The Puranas. Argead Star llc. ISBN 978-0-9990714-0-3.
  16. ^ "Janmashtami / Krishna Janmashtami : A hindu religious festival". Calendarlabs.com. 9 March 2018. Archived from the original on 23 April 2018. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  17. ^ "Indian Festivals". Webonautics.com. Archived from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  18. ^ a b Kartar Singh Bhalla (2005), Let's Know Festivals of India, Star Publications, ISBN 978-81-7650-165-1, ... 'Karva Chauth' is a ritual of fasting celebrated by married women seeking longevity, ... married women in the northern and western parts of India, especially Delhi, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Rajashtan, Punjab, vJammu, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Jharkhand ... eat a little food before sunrise and start the fast ... After the moon rises ... finally, break their fast ...[page needed]
  19. ^ S. K. Rait (2005), women in England: their religious and cultural beliefs and social practices, Trentham Books, ISBN 978-1-85856-353-4, ... Karva Chauth, a fast kept to secure the long life of husbands, was popular among women ...
  20. ^ "Makar Sankranti Top 10 Facts You should know about". 13 February 2020. ... Hindu women Friday celebrated Karva Chauth in the city. The minority arranges different functions in the city to mark the day where women collectively sighted the moon and broke their fast ...
  21. ^ Kumar, Anu (21 October 2007). "A Hungry Heart". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  22. ^ Subhashini Aryan (1993), Crafts of Himachal PradeshLiving traditions of India, Mapin, ISBN 978-0-944142-46-2, ... Karva Chauth, when all married women universally fast a small pot, Karva, is required ...
  23. ^ Anne Mackenzie Pearson (1996), Because it gives me peace of mind: ritual fasts in the religious lives of Hindu women (McGill studies in the history of religions), SUNY Press, ISBN 978-0-7914-3038-5, ... Karva Chauth seems to be in western Uttar Pradesh ...
Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_festival