Gaius Octavius may refer to;

• Gaius Octavius (tribune 216 BC) (fl. 216 BC), military tribune
• Gaius Octavius (proconsul) (c. 100–59 BC), praetor in 61 BC
• Augustus or Gaius Octavius Thurinus (63 BC–AD 14), first Roman Emperor
• Gaius Octavius Laenas, curator of the aqueducts in Rome (AD 34–38)
• Gaius Octavius Lampadio, ancient Roman
• Gaius Octavius Appius Suetrius Sabinus, senator and consul (214 and 240)

• Gaius
• Gnaeus Octavius (disambiguation)
• Lucius Octavius (name)
• Marcus Octavius
• Octavius (disambiguation)