Gagasan Rakyat
People's Might Gagasan Rakyat | |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1990 |
| Dissolved | 1996 |
| Preceded by | Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front (SF) (1957-1969) Harakah Keadilan Rakyat (HAK) (1986-1990) |
| Succeeded by | Barisan Alternatif (BA) |
| Headquarters | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (DAP), (S46) & (KIMMA) Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia (PBS) Batu Caves, Malaysia (PRM) Seri Kembangan, Malaysia (IPF) Kota Bharu, Malaysia (HAMIM) |
| Membership | Democratic Action Party United Sabah Party Malaysian People's Party Indian Progressive Front Malaysian Solidarity Party Semangat 46 Muslim People's Party of Malaysia Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress |
| Ideology | Reformism |
| This article is part of a series on the |
| Politics of Malaysia |
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The Gagasan Rakyat (GR or People's Might) was an opposition Malaysian political coalition.
The now defunct political coalition was founded by Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah's formation of Parti Melayu Semangat 46 (S46 or Semangat 46) after leaving United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) that was declared illegal.[1]
The coalition consisted Semangat 46, Democratic Action Party (DAP), United Sabah Party (PBS), Malaysian People's Party (PRM), Indian Progressive Front (IPF) and Malaysian Solidarity Party (MSP) as the coalition components.
It were also joined by three other component members from its allied opposition Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU) coalition also led by Razaleigh consisting of himself Razaleigh's Spirit of 46 Malay Party (S46), Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (BERJASA), Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (HAMIM) and Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress (KIMMA). On 25 January 1995, DAP withdrew from the coalition while retaining its relations with Gagasan component parties.[2]
Both the Gagasan Rakyat and Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah opposition coalitions under the leadership of Razaleigh were defeated in the 1990 and 1995 general elections, and were subsequently dissolved in 1996 after Razaleigh decided to disband Semangat 46 to rejoin the UMNO.[3]
Not to be confused with Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah (also abbreviated Gagasan Rakyat), a different party that was established in 2013 with 20 other parties registered under Societies Act 1966 (Malaysia).
Component parties
- Spirit of 46 Malay Party (Parti Melayu Semangat 46)
- Democratic Action Party (Parti Tindakan Demokratik)
- Parti Bersatu Sabah (United Sabah Party)[4]
- Malaysian People's Party (Parti Rakyat Malaysia)
- Indian Progressive Front (Barisan Progresif India)
- Malaysian Solidarity Party (Parti Solidariti Malaysia)
Three others also allied members of the Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah at the same time.
- Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (Parti Hizbul Muslimin Malaysia)
- Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress (Kongres India Muslim Malaysia)
Elected representatives
- Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 8th Malaysian Parliament
- Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (1990–95)
- Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 9th Malaysian Parliament
- Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (1995–99)
General election results
| Election | Total seats won | Total votes | Share of votes | Outcome of election | Election leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 34 / 180 |
1,113,488 | 19.4% |  2, Opposition coalition
|
Lim Kit Siang Joseph Pairin Kitingan |
| 1995 | 17 / 219 |
910,769 | 15.3% |  17, Opposition coalition
|
Lim Kit Siang Joseph Pairin Kitingan |
| Included only Democratic Action Party and United Sabah Party | |||||
State election results
| State election | State Legislative Assembly | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perlis State Legislative Assembly | Kedah State Legislative Assembly | Kelantan State Legislative Assembly | Terengganu State Legislative Assembly | Penang State Legislative Assembly | Perak State Legislative Assembly | Pahang State Legislative Assembly | Selangor State Legislative Assembly | Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly | Malacca State Legislative Assembly | Johor State Legislative Assembly | Sabah State Legislative Assembly | Total won / Total contested | |
| 1990 | 0 / 14 |
1 / 28 |
0 / 39 |
0 / 32 |
14 / 33 |
13 / 46 |
1 / 33 |
6 / 42 |
4 / 28 |
3 / 20 |
3 / 36 |
36 / 48 |
|
| 1994 | 25 / 48 |
||||||||||||
| 1995 | 0 / 15 |
0 / 36 |
0 / 43 |
0 / 32 |
1 / 33 |
1 / 52 |
1 / 38 |
3 / 48 |
2 / 32 |
3 / 25 |
0 / 40 |
||
References
- ^ Wong Chin Huat (17 August 2007). "Splits in Umno and Opposition unity". The Sun. Retrieved 29 September 2021 – via Malaysian Bar.
- ^ "DAP CEC decides that the party withdraws from Gagasan Rakyat " Pursuit of a Malaysian Dream". 25 January 1994.
- ^ "S46-Dissolve: Parti Melayu Semangat '46 To Be Dissolved On Oct 6" (PDF). Bernama. 18 August 1996 – via Perdana Leadership Foundation Library.
- ^ "The United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) in Sabah, East Malaysia: An Overview 1990-1994 International" (PDF). Hamdan Aziz (Ph.D) & Syahrin Said, Department of Nationhood and Civilization Studies, Centre for Fundamental and Liberal Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT). Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, Vol. 7, No. 12. 2017. ISSN 2222-6990. Retrieved 25 September 2021 – via HR Mars.
