Fleischer (or Fleisher) is a common German and Yiddish family name. Its literal meaning is "butcher". Other German family names with the same meaning include Metzger, Mezger, Fleischman, and Fleischmann.

• Amy Fleischer, American mechanical engineer
• Ari Fleischer (born 1960), White House press secretary from 2001 to 2003
• Bruce Fleisher (1948–2021), American PGA golfer
• Carl Gustav Fleischer, Norwegian general and the first land commander to win a major victory against the Germans in World War II
• Charles Fleischer (born 1950), actor, stand-up comedian and voice artist
• Dave Fleischer, American animation film director and film producer
• Edytha Fleischer (1898–1957), German operatic soprano
• Gerd Fleischer (born 1942), Norwegian human rights activist
• Heinrich Leberecht Fleischer, German
• Lawrence Fleisher, American attorney and sports agent
• Leon Fleisher, American pianist and conductor
• Marie Fleischer, Greenlandic businesswoman and politician
• Martin Fleisher, American bridge player
• Max Fleischer (1883–1972), American animator and film director
• Max Fleischer (painter) (1861–1930), German painter and botanist
• Michael Paul Fleischer, American businessman
• Michael Fleischer (mineralogist) (1908–1998), American chemist and mineralogist.
• Michael Fleisher, American writer
• Nat Fleischer, American boxing writer and collector
• Ofer Fleisher (born 1966), Israeli basketball player
• Rasmus Fleischer, Swedish
• Ruben Fleischer, American film director
• Richard Fleischer (1916–2006), American film director
• Samuel S. Fleisher (1871–1944), American manufacturer, art patron, and philanthropist
• Yishai Fleisher

• Fleisher Center
• Fleischer Studios
• Fleisher Yarn
• Kayser–Fleischer ring

• Fleisch (disambiguation)