English: Four pulsatile flow profiles in a straight tube are shown. The leftest graph [blue curve] shows the pressure gradient as a cosine function, and the other graphs show dimensionless velocity profiles for different Womersley numbers. For low Womersley numbers, the pulse direction is 90 degrees off phase with the pressure gradient [u is proportional to −grad(p)]. For high Womersley numbers, inertia forces are dominant in the central core, whereas viscous forces dominate near the boundary layer. Thus, the profile gets flattened, and phase gets shifted in the core.
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