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File:Tumu Crisis.jpg

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English: Tumu Fortress Crisis of Ming Dynasty
Date
Source
  • Twitchett, Denis C; Grimm, Tilemann (1988). "The Cheng-t'ung, Ching-t'ai, and T'ien-shun reigns, 1436—1464". In Mote, Frederick W.; Twitchett, Denis C (eds.). The Cambridge History of China Volume 7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521243327. p. 323.
  • Kierman, Frank A.; Fairbank, John King (2013). Chinese Ways in Warfare. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674182042. p. 257.
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