File:009202022 Peruvanam Mahadeva temple, Cherpu Kerala 045.jpg
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Summary
Description009202022 Peruvanam Mahadeva temple, Cherpu Kerala 045.jpg | English: The Peruvanam Mahadeva temple is a 10th to 11th-century Hindu temples complex in Cherpu Kerala, with primary shrine dedicated to Shiva and an equally significant shrine dedicated to Vishnu. The complex is notable for being an early example of three storeyed (tritala) Hindu temple, for the circular plan of the northern sanctum, and for the historic Hindu artwork and murals. Additionally, the Peruvanam temple is also special as an early example "dual linga", with two interpretations – (1) one is Shiva and the other as Narayana (fusion of Shaivism and Vaishnavism, this is the more prevalent interpretation); (2) one is Shiva and the other as Parvati (Ardhanarisvara).
The Peruvanam temples complex is spread over 7 acres, with the shrines enclosed with an enclosure (called "mathilakam" in Hindu texts on temple architecture). The complex has two dvarashalas, of which the Koothambalam sits on a historic foundation and the Nalambalam is a restored unit. Inside the enclosures are shrines for Shiva, Ganesha, Parvati, Narayana, Dakshinamurthy, a maharishi and others – thus celebrating all major Hindu traditions. The two major shrines are called Irattiyappan (Erattayappan) and Madattilappan – both face west. The Irattiyappan sits on a circular plan foundation of 47 feet diameter, is ekatala (one storeyed) and granite adhistana. The wall is of laterite blocks and connects to the shrine's mukhmandapam. Though the outer shape is a circular plan, the garbhagriya has a coaxial square plan. The Irattiyappan has impressive historic artwork and includes an early example of sophisticated murals. The Madattilappan shrine sits on the south side of the complex. This is the three storey shrine, one of three historic Hindu temples in Kerala with such a sophisticated architecture (the other two are in Uliyannoor and in Thiruvanchikulam Kodungallur). The Madattilappan shrine is one of the better examples of the "Meru Mandhara Prasaada" in India found in Hindu Sanskrit texts on temple architecture. Both the ground floor and the middle floor feature pilasters and panjaras, but the ground level has tetragonal pilasters and the upper floor has octagonal cross section. The floor plan is classic square as in most Kerala Hindu temples. Wood is used for the third storey with projecting sukhanasa artwork. The temple is also notable for its recitals and the Peruvanam Pooram festival (also called Peruvanam Pallivetta). This temple complex is mentioned in a 10th century Orakam inscription of Kothai Varman. The temple is also documented as one of those that were damaged and desecrated by Tipu Sultan's army, also as the chief temple of region that changed hands between the Zamorins and the Kochi Raja. |
Date | |
Source | Own work |
Author | Ms Sarah Welch |
Camera location | 10° 26′ 15.33″ N, 76° 13′ 04.93″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 10.437592; 76.218036 |
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copyrighted, dedicated to the public domain by copyright holder
copyright license
Creative Commons CC0 License
source of file
original creation by uploader
inception
20 September 2022
coordinates of the point of view
10°26'15.331"N, 76°13'4.930"E
exposure time
0.0021645021645021645 second
f-number
1.8
focal length
5.23 millimetre
ISO speed
25
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image/jpeg
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photograph
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 20:10, 30 October 2023 | 4,384 × 3,288 (2.79 MB) | Ms Sarah Welch | Uploaded own work with UploadWizard |
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Camera manufacturer | samsung |
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Camera model | SM-M317F |
Exposure time | 1/462 sec (0.0021645021645022) |
F-number | f/1.8 |
ISO speed rating | 25 |
Date and time of data generation | 17:12, 20 September 2022 |
Lens focal length | 5.23 mm |
Latitude | 10° 26′ 15.33″ N |
Longitude | 76° 13′ 4.93″ E |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 240 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 240 dpi |
Software used | Luminar AI |
File change date and time | 17:12, 20 September 2022 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 17:12, 20 September 2022 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX aperture | 1.69 |
APEX brightness | 6.09 |
Exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 1.69 APEX (f/1.8) |
Metering mode | Spot |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
DateTime subseconds | 000 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 000 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 000 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 4 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 24 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |