The Farman F.60 Goliath was a French airliner and bomber produced by the Farman Aviation Works from 1919. It was instrumental in the creation of early airlines and commercial routes in Europe after World War I.
Design and development
The Goliath was initially designed in 1918 as a heavy bomber capable of carrying 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) of bombs with a range of 1,500 km (930 mi). It was a fixed-undercarriage three-bay biplane of fabric-covered wood construction, powered by two Salmson 9Z engines. It had a simple and robust, yet light structure. The wings were rectangular with a constant profile with aerodynamically balancedailerons fitted to both upper and lower wings.
It was undergoing initial testing when World War I came to an end and Farman realized there would be no orders for his design. Nonetheless he was quick to understand that the big, box-like fuselage of the Goliath could be easily modified to convert the aircraft into an airliner. Commercial aviation was beginning to be developed and was in need of purpose-built aircraft. With the new passenger cabin arrangement, the Goliath could carry up to 12 or 14 passengers. It had large windows to give the passengers a view of the surroundings. The Salmson engines could be replaced by other types (Renault, Lorraine) if a customer desired it. Approximately 60 F.60 Goliaths were built. Between 1927 and 1929, eight Goliaths with various engines were built under licence in Czechoslovakia, four by Avia and four by Letov.
Operational history
Airplane "Farman Goliath"Goliath, London–Paris with engine failure, Le Crotoy 1921
Farman was quick to press the Goliath into service and made several publicity flights. On 8 February 1919, the Goliath flew 12 passengers from Toussus-le-Noble to RAF Kenley, near Croydon. Since non-military flying was not permitted at that date, Lucien Bossoutrot and his passengers were all ex-military pilots who wore uniforms and carried mission orders for the circumstances. The flight went well, taking 2 hours and 30 minutes. The pilot and passengers were well received in England. The return flight was made the following day and took 2 hours and 10 minutes.
Other flights were made to publicize the Goliath. On 3 April 1919, 14 passengers were flown to an altitude of 6,200 m (20,341 ft). Later, on 11 August 1919, an F.60 flew eight passengers and a ton of supplies from Paris via Casablanca and Mogador to Koufa, 180 km (110 mi) north of Saint-Louis, Senegal, flying more than 4,500 km (2,800 mi).[1]
Civil passenger transport version, powered by two 190 kW (260 hp) Salmson CM.9 radial piston engines, sixty built.
F.60bis
This designation was given to the transport version, powered by two 220 kW (300 hp) Salmson 9Az engines.
F.60 Bn.2
Three-seat night bomber evolved from the F.60 Goliath. It was equipped with two 190 kW (260 hp) Salmson 9Zm engines, and 210 were delivered to French naval and army aviation.[2]
Blunt-nose version in 1924, powered by two 230 kW (310 hp) Renault 12Fcy engines.
F.61
Two aircraft equipped with two 220 kW (300 hp) Renault 12Fe engines.
F.62
A record-breaking aircraft, derived from the F.60, powered by a single 370 kW (500 hp) Farman 12We. First flown on 7 August 1925, the F.62, piloted by Landry and Drouhin, broke the world record 4,400 km (2,700 mi; 2,400 nmi) closed-circuit in 45 hours 11 minutes and 59 seconds.[3]
F.62 BN.4
Export version for the Soviet Union, powered by two 340 kW (450 hp) Lorraine-Dietrich V-12 engines.
F.62 BN.5
A 5-seat night bomber version, powered by 2x 300 kW (400 hp) Lorraine 12Db engines.[4]
Farman F.65 Goliath photo from Les Ailes 21 April 1927Sixty floatplane torpedo-bombers built for the Aéronautique navale, fitted with interchangeable float or landing gear and powered by 2x 280 kW (380 hp) Gnome-Rhône 9Aa Jupiter engines.[6]
Two Farman F.60 Goliaths, O-BLEU and O-BRUN, both of SNETA, were destroyed in a hangar fire at Brussels-Evere Airport.[8]
8 October 1921
A Farman Goliath of Compagnie des Grands Express Aériens (CGEA) made an emergency landing at Saint-Inglevert, Pas-de-Calais due to problems with a propeller shortly after the aircraft had crossed the French coast. The aircraft was operating an international scheduled passenger flight from Le Bourget Airport, Paris to Croydon. Another aircraft was dispatched from Paris to take the six passengers on to Croydon.[11]
30 November 1921
Farman F.60 Goliath F-GEAD of CGEA was damaged in a forced landing at Smeeth, Kent. The aircraft was repaired and returned to service.[12]
11 February 1922
Farman F.60 Goliath F-GEAI of CGEA was damaged in a forced landing at Farnborough, Kent.[12][13] The aircraft was repaired and returned to service.[12]
A Farman F.60 Goliath on a flight from Croydon Airport to Paris, suffered a severely damaged propeller after flying through torrential rain whilst crossing the English Channel. The engine was shut down and a precautionary landing was made at Saint-Inglevert where the propeller was changed in 15 minutes. The aircraft then departed for Le Bourget, where arrival was only 12 minutes later than scheduled.[14]
15 March 1923
Farman F.61 Goliath F-AEIE (former O-BLAN) of Compagnie des Messageries Aériennes (CMA) overran the runway on landing at Croydon and collided with a building. The aircraft was later repaired and returned to service.[12]
7 May 1923
Farman F.60 Goliath F-AEGP Flandre of Air Union was damaged in a forced landing at Lympne, Kent. The aircraft was repaired and returned to service.[12]
14 May 1923
Farman F.60 Goliath F-AEBY of Air Union crashed at Monsures, Somme,[15] following structural failure of a wing. All six people on board were killed. The aircraft was on a scheduled international passenger flight from Paris to Croydon[16]
15 July 1923
Farman F.60 Goliath F-AEEE of Farman crashed near Valenciennes, France.[12]
27 August 1923
Farman F.60 Goliath (former F.61) F-AECB of Air Union crashed at East Malling, Kent. The aircraft was operating an international scheduled passenger flight from Paris to Croydon. A precautionary landing was made at Lympne due to weather, following which the flight was resumed. One engine later failed and the aircraft crashed following misunderstanding of an instruction for a number of passengers to move towards the rear of the aircraft, affecting the centre of gravity and causing the aircraft to enter a spin.
3 December 1923
Farman F.60 Goliath F-AEIF, possibly operated by CMA, crashed at Littlestone, Kent.[12]
22 January 1924
Farman F.60 Goliath F-GEAO of Air Union was destroyed by fire following an accident when landing at Croydon.[12]
6 August 1924
Farman F.60 Goliath F-ADDT Languedoc of Air Union was on a scheduled international passenger flight from Paris to Croydon when the port engine failed. A forced landing was made at Golden Green, Kent. One person amongst the pilot and five passengers on board was injured.[17] The aircraft was dismantled to allow removal. It was later repaired and returned to service.[18][19]
8 February 1925
Farman F.60 Goliath F-GEAB Savoie of Air Union crashed whilst attempting to land at Lympne. The aircraft was on a cargo flight from Paris to Croydon when an engine failed over the Channel.[12][20] The aircraft was later repaired and returned to service.[12]
16 October 1925
Farman F.60 Goliath F-HMFU Île de France of Air Union crashed at Wadhurst, East Sussex.[12] Three passengers were killed and two were injured.[21] The aircraft may have been repaired and returned to service as its registration was not cancelled until 1 June 1932. Its fuselage is preserved.[12]
14 November 1925
Farman F.60 Goliath F-FHMY Picardie of Air Union ditched in the English Channel 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) off Boulogne, France. The aircraft was salvaged and rebuilt as an F.63bis, returning to service in 1929.[12]
10 March 1927
Farman F.63bis Goliath F-AEGP Flandre of Air Union made a forced landing near Tonbridge, Kent following an engine failure.[12]
Farman F.60 Goliath F-GEAB Savoie of Air Union was severely damaged in a forced landing at Yaldham Manor, Wrotham, Kent. The aircraft was later repaired and returned to service.[12]
6 March 1928
Farman F.60 Goliath (former F.61) F-AECU Normandie of Air Union crashed at Hythe, Kent. The aircraft may have been repaired and returned to service as its registration was not cancelled until 1 June 1932.[12]
11 March 1928
Farman F.60 Goliath (former F.61) F-AEFC Provence of Air Union crashed into the English Channel 9 miles (14 km) off Folkestone whilst operating an international scheduled passenger flight from Paris to Croydon. The aircraft had landed at Saint-Inglevert to await an improvement in the weather before continuing its journey,[22] and the passenger (or passengers[23]) had decided to continue the journey by boat. The aircraft broadcast a Mayday before it crashed into the sea, killing both crew.[22] The bodies of the victims were picked up the Southern Railway's ferry Maid of Orleans.[23]
Farman F.60 Goliath F-GEAI Vendee of Air Union,[24] on a flight from Croydon to Paris crashed at Keylands Sidings near Paddock Wood railway station, it stopped yards from the signal box and was destroyed by fire, the pilot and mechanic escaped with minor injuries.[25]
31 July 1929
Farman F.60 Goliath F-GEAB Savoie of Air Union, on a flight from London to Paris carrying gold bullion was damaged in a forced landing near Smarden in Kent, bushes on the riverbank stopped the aircraft entering the River Beult although some of the gold bullion it was carrying ended up in the river. The bullion was recovered by spectators and transferred by lorry to Lympne for onward transport to Paris.[12][26] The aircraft may have been repaired and returned to service as its registration was not cancelled until 1 June 1932.[12]
Farman F.63bis Goliath F-FHMY Picardie of Air Unioncrashed at Marden Airfield, Kent following failure of the starboard tailplane. Two passengers killed of the six people on board.[27]
2 May 1930
Farman F.63bis Goliath F-ADCA Lorraine of Air Union crashed at Penshurst, Kent after encountering a heavy squall whilst on a flight from Le Bourget, Paris to Croydon.[28]
23 April 1931
Farman F.63 Goliath F-ADDT Languedoc of Air Union crashed at Widehurst Farm, Marden after taking off from Marden. The aircraft was carrying mail.[29]
9 July 1930
Farman F.60 F-ADFQ of the SGTA crashed near Aalsmeer shortly after takeoff from Amsterdam. One crew member, a mechanic, died shortly after. The pilot and the marconist escaped with slight injuries. The plane was a total loss.[30]
^Passieux, Jean-Noël (4 March 2011). "Farman F.60 Goliath". jn.passieux.free.fr (in French). Retrieved 21 February 2018.
^Grey, C.G., ed. (1928). Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1928. London: Sampson Low, Marston & company, ltd. pp. 18d–19d.
Bibliography
Kotelnikov, V.; Kulikov, V. & Cony, C. (December 2001). "Les avions français en URSS, 1921–1941" [French Aircraft in the USSR, 1921–1941]. Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (105): 50–56. ISSN1243-8650.
Liron, Jean (1984). Les avions Farman. Collection Docavia. Vol. 21. Paris: Éditions Larivière. OCLC37146471.
Passingham, Malcolm (February 1999). "Les bombardiers de l'Armée japonaise (1920–1935)" [Japanese Army Bombers (1920–1935)]. Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (71): 32–38. ISSN1243-8650.
Warner, Edward P. (May 2008). "Les avions de ligne au banc d'essai en 1921" [Airlines on the Test Bench in 1921]. Le Fana de l'Aviation (in French) (462): 44–55. ISSN0757-4169.
Further reading
Pelletier, Alain (2004). Histoire mondiale des avions de ligne depuis 1908 (in French). Boulogne-Billancourt: E.T.A.I. ISBN 978-2-7268-9367-8.
