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Farkhar District

For Farkhar (Iran), see Farkhar, Iran. For Farkhar or Farkhor (Tajikistan), see Farkhor.

Farkhar District
District
Farkhar District Map
Location of Farkhar in Takhar Province
Coordinates: 36°34′12″N 69°51′25″E / 36.57°N 69.857°E / 36.57; 69.857
Country Afghanistan
ProvinceTakhar
Government
[1]
 • GovernorAbdul Rashad Asfeia
Area
[2]
 • District
1,214 km2 (469 sq mi)
Population
 (2019)[3]
 • District
52,117
 • Density43/km2 (110/sq mi)
 • Urban
3,023
 • Rural
49,094
Ethnicity
Time zoneUTC+4:30 (AFT)
Post code
3752 [4]

Farkhar District is a district in Takhar Province of Afghanistan. It is located southeast of Taloqan. The Khanabad River flows inside this valley. Around 99% of the people in Farkhar speak Dari. Farkhar has about 50,000 people and 75 villages.

Etymology

The name Farkhār is generally believed to be the Sogdian (and possibly also Khwarazmian) βṛγʾr, the equivalent of the Sanskrit word vihāra (a Buddhist monastery), which it renders in translations of Buddhist texts.[5][6] Another view is that it is not etymologically connected with vihāra but is a Persian word, originally *paru-khuvāthra "full of happiness".[7]

Although Buddhism was eventually replaced by Islam in northern Afghanistan around the 8th century,[8] as late as the 11th-century the Khwarazmian scholar al-Biruni was able to write in a discussion of Buddhists: "their monuments, the bahārs of their idols and their farkhārs, are visible on the borders of Khorasan adjacent to India".[9]

Geography and climate

Further information: Geography of Afghanistan

Farkhar has an area of 1,214 km2 (469 sq mi), comparatively equivalent to the area of South Andaman Island.[10] The district has no major roadways. The Farkhar River is the main river of Farkhar, with other tributaries flowing into it.

Farkhar is surrounded by Kalafgan District to the north, Kishim District to the northeast, Tagab District to the east, Warsaj District to the south, Namak Ab District to the west, and Taluqan District to the northeast. Kishim is located in Badakhshan Province, with all other districts in Takhar Province.[11]

Climate

Fakhar has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dsb).

Climate data for Farkhar
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −0.2
(31.6) 		1.4
(34.5) 		7.8
(46.0) 		14.2
(57.6) 		19.2
(66.6) 		23.5
(74.3) 		26.2
(79.2) 		25.5
(77.9) 		21.7
(71.1) 		15.6
(60.1) 		8.2
(46.8) 		2.3
(36.1) 		13.8
(56.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −9.6
(14.7) 		−8.0
(17.6) 		−3.2
(26.2) 		1.8
(35.2) 		6.6
(43.9) 		11.0
(51.8) 		14.4
(57.9) 		14.1
(57.4) 		10.1
(50.2) 		3.7
(38.7) 		−3.3
(26.1) 		−8.5
(16.7) 		2.4
(36.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 63
(2.5) 		78
(3.1) 		111
(4.4) 		160
(6.3) 		147
(5.8) 		45
(1.8) 		10
(0.4) 		3
(0.1) 		7
(0.3) 		39
(1.5) 		58
(2.3) 		49
(1.9) 		770
(30.4)
Source: Climate-Data.org[12]

Demographics

Further information: Demographics of Afghanistan

Farkhar has a population of 52,117, with a sex ratio of 26 males for every 25 females. Ethnic Tajiks are the majority.[13] The median age is 15.8 and about 42% of the population is working. About 18% of the unemployed are seeking work. There are about 8,000 households in the district, with an average size of 6.5 people.[14]

Villages

The villages of this district include and are not limited to: Shaktan, Shingan, Nahr Ab, Dasht e Robat, Abi Dara, Kurani, Pire Farkhar, Shori, Dehak, Jangle Gaza, Dasht e Konj, Chashma e Garmuk, Shahre Farkhar, Kundal, Mazre Shikh, Khanaqa, Khurmab, Ardishan, Kashan, Sare Kham, Singan, Pyani, Dahne Zure, Khafdara, Sang e Atash, Khawaki, Farhangurd, Khusdeh, Darbaho, Huti, Warook, Ghashob, Yookh, Lujdeh and Mashtan.[11]

In Persian poetry

In Persian poetry, the phrase بت فرخار bot-e Farxār "buddha of a temple" or "idol from Farkhar" became proverbial for a beautiful person. One of the earliest poets to use it was Manuchehri, an 11th-century poet at the court of Mas'ud I of Ghazni, who wrote:[15]

هنگام بهارست و جهان چون بت فرخار
hengām-e bahār ast o jahān čun bot-e farxār
"It is springtime and the world is like a buddha of Farkhar"

In another example the poet Khwaju (or Khaju) (d. 1352), praising a handsome Turk, writes:[16]

شیراز ترکستان شده کان بت ز فرخار آمده
Šīrāz Torkestān šode k'ān bot ze Farxār āmade
"Shiraz has become Turkistan since that "buddha" came from Farkhar"

See also

References

  1. ^ Hedayatullah (11 September 2020). "Development projects in Takhar improve access to public services". Salaam Times. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  2. ^ "Summary of the District Development Plan: Farkhar District" (PDF). mrrd-nabdp.org. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  3. ^ "Estimated Population of Afghanistan 19-20" (PDF). nsia.gov.af. p. 29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 June 2020. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
  4. ^ "Farkhar, Afghanistan Postal Codes". worldpostalcode.com. Retrieved 19 July 2020.
  5. ^ Buddhism in Islamic times Encyclopaedia Iranica.
  6. ^ Émile Benveniste, Études sogdiennes (Wiesbaden 1979), pp. 22–23 (cited in Anna Akasoy, Charles S. F. Burnett, Ronit Yoeli-Tlalim (eds.) Islam and Tibet: Interactions Along the Musk Routes p. 68).
  7. ^ V. F. Minorsky, V. V. Barthol'd, C. E. Bosworth (1982), Hudud al-'Alam 'The Regions of the World' - A Persian Geography 372 A.H ..., p. 263, citing Benveniste, Bull. Soc. Ling, 1928, xxi, 7–8.
  8. ^ Buddhism i. In Pre-Islamic Times/ Encyclopaedia Iranica.
  9. ^ Quoted in Anna Akasoy, Charles S. F. Burnett, Ronit Yoeli-Tlalim (eds.) Islam and Tibet: Interactions Along the Musk Routes p. 68.
  10. ^ "Islands by Land Area". islands.unep.ch. 1998. Retrieved 5 September 2020. 1210.7 sq.km. South Andaman
  11. ^ a b "Afg: Takhar Province - Reference Map | HumanitarianResponse". www.humanitarianresponse.info. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
  12. ^ "Climate: Farkhar - Climate-Data.org". 5 September 2022.
  13. ^ "Farkhar District Profile" (PDF). aims.org.af. June 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 October 2005. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
  14. ^ "Takhar Socio-Demographic and Economic Survey". UNFPA Afghanistan. 5 January 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
  15. ^ Manuchehri, "A description of spring, in praise of Khwaje Ali ibn Mohammad". (Ganjur).
  16. ^ See further Domenico Ingenito (2018): "Hafez’s "Shirāzi Turk": A Geopoetical Approach" (also [1]), Iranian Studies, p. 17.

Further reading

  • Grötzbach, Erwin F. (1999). Farḵār. Encyclopaedia Iranica online.
Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farkhar_District