Elizabeth Duke may refer to:

• Elizabeth Ashburn Duke (born 1952), member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
• Elizabeth Ann Duke (born 1940), wanted FBI domestic terrorist fugitive
• Elizabeth Duke (administrator), former administrator for the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)
• Elizabeth Duke (author), pen name of Vivienne Wallington
• Elizabeth Duke, a brand owned by Argos, formerly used for its jewellery range