Edith Mary Smallwood (8 December 1919 – 4 September 2023) was a British historian and a professor of Romano-Jewish History at the Queen's University, Belfast.

Smallwood was born in Wandsworth, Surrey (now London) in December 1919. She received her education^[1] at the Mary Datchelor Girls’ School, Camberwell, and at Girton College, University of Cambridge, to which she won a scholarship. She graduated with First Class Honours in Classics (1942),^[2] and was later a Research Fellow at Girton, gaining her PhD in 1951 under the supervision of Prof. Jocelyn Toynbee.

Mary Smallwood was appointed lecturer^[3] in classics (in the Latin dept) at the Queen's University, Belfast, in 1951. She became senior lecturer in 1963, reader in 1967, and was awarded a personal chair as professor of Romano-Jewish History in 1978. ^[4] For the 1971–72 academic year she was a member of the School of Historical Studies at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton.  She was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1972. She retired to Edinburgh in 1983.^[5]

Smallwood died at Cluny Lodge, Edinburgh on 4 September 2023, at the age of 103.^[6][5]

• Philonis Alexandrini Legatio ad Gaium (edition with translation and commentary), Brill, 1961.
• Documents Illustrating the Principates of Nerva, Trajan and Hadrian, Cambridge University Press, 1966.
• Documents Illustrating the Principates of Gaius, Claudius and Nero, Cambridge University Press, 1967.
• The Jews under Roman Rule from Pompey to Diocletian: A Study in Political Relations, Brill, 1976.
• From Pagan Protection to Christian Oppression (inaugural lecture), Queen's University, Belfast, 1979.
• Josephus, The Jewish War (first edition by G. A. Williamson revised with new Introduction, notes and appendices), Penguin, 1981.
• Rome: The Augustan Age, Units 15 and 16, Studies II Judaea, Open University, 1982