This list of the prehistoric life of Rhode Island contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of Rhode Island.

The Paleobiology Database records no known occurrences of Precambrian fossils in Rhode Island.

• †Adeloblatta
  • †Adeloblatta gorhami – type locality for species
• †Anthracomartus
  • †Anthracomartus woodruffi – type locality for species
• †Aphelomylacris – tentative report
  • †Aphelomylacris modesta – type locality for species
• †Discoblatta
  • †Discoblatta scholfieldi – type locality for species
• †Dysmenes
  • †Dysmenes illustris – type locality for species
• †Etoblattina
  • †Etoblattina exilis – type locality for species
• †Gyroblatta
  • †Gyroblatta clarki – type locality for species
  • †Gyroblatta scapularis – type locality for species
• †Heolus – type locality for genus
  • †Heolus providentiae – type locality for species
• †Microblattina – type locality for genus
  • †Microblattina perdita – type locality for species
• †Mylacris
  • †Mylacris packardii – type locality for species
• †Paralogus – type locality for genus
  • †Paralogus aeschnoides – type locality for species
• †Phyloblatta
  • †Phyloblatta latebricola – type locality for species
• †Polycreagra – type locality for genus
  • †Polycreagra elegans – type locality for species
• †Pseudetoblattina
  • †Pseudetoblattina reliqua – type locality for species
• †Rhaphidiopsis – type locality for genus
  • †Rhaphidiopsis diversipenna – type locality for species
• †Xenoblatta
  • †Xenoblatta fraterna – type locality for species

The Paleobiology Database records no known occurrences of Mesozoic fossils in Rhode Island.

• †Anguinella
  • †Anguinella virginica

• 

  Barbatia
  • †Barbatia marylandica – or unidentified comparable form
• Caryocorbula
  • †Caryocorbula cuneata
• Cerithiopsis
  • †Cerithiopsis calvertensis – or unidentified comparable form
• Cerithium
• †Chesapecten
  • †Chesapecten jeffersonius – or unidentified comparable form
• Cliona
• Glossus
  • †Glossus mazlea – or unidentified comparable form
• †Mariacolpus
  • †Mariacolpus plebeia
• Nuculana
  • †Nuculana liciata
• Stewartia
  • †Stewartia anodonta – or unidentified comparable form

• 

  Tellina

• Various Contributors to the Paleobiology Database. "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database". Retrieved 17 December 2021.