The district and town courts of Russia (Russian: районный суд or городской суд; also called rayon or raion courts) are primarily courts of first instance in the judiciary of Russia but sometimes hear appeals from magistrates.^[1] They are formed in raion or areas (районах), urban areas (районах в городах), and cities (городах). Decisions of the court are appealed to the regional court.

As courts of first instance, they handle criminal cases where imprisonment is for more than 3 years, and consist of 1 judge and a jury where required.^[1][2] As courts of appeal from decisions of the magistrates consisting of 1 justice of the peace, they consist of 1 judge and retry the case.^[1]

They were called People's Courts until 1996.^[1]

• 
  Babushkinsky District Court in Moscow
• 
  Frunzensky District Court in Vladimir
• 
  Gdovsky District Court in Pskov Oblast
• 
  Ivanteyevka Town Court in Moscow Oblast
• 
  Izberbash Town Court in Dagestan
• 
  Kanashsky District Court in Chuvashia
• 
  Kashira Town Court in Moscow Oblast
• 
  Kholmsk Town Court in Sakhalin Oblast
• 
  Moskovsky District Court in Kazan
• 
  Nikulinsky District Court in Moscow
• 
  Privolzhsky District Court in Kazan
• 
  Ufimsky District Court is one of lower courts which Supreme Court of Bashkortostan are doing supervises work
• 
  Verkh-Isetsky District Court in Yekaterinburg
• 
  Vakhitovsky District Court in Kazan
• 
  Zavolzhsky District Court in Tver

• Raion
• Magistrate (Russia)