Danilov (Russian: Дани́лов, masculine) or Danilova (Russian: Дани́лова, feminine) is a common Russian last name. Notable people with the surname include:

• Alexandra Danilova (1903–1997), Russian-born prima ballerina, who became an American citizen
• Angelina Danilova (born 1996), Russian singer, model and actress
• Elena Danilova (born 1987), Russian international association football player
• Galina Danilova (born 1968), Russian actress
• Irina Danilova (born 1993), Kazakhstani handball player
• Kirsha Danilov, probable compiler of first collection of Russian bylinas
• Maria Danilova (1793–1810), Russian ballet dancer
• Nichita Danilov (born 1952), Romanian writer
• Oleksiy Danilov (born 1962), Ukrainian politician
• Olga Danilova (born 1970), Russian Olympic cross country skier
• Olga Danilov (born 1973), Ukrainian-Israeli short track speed skater
• Pelageya Danilova (1918–2001), Russian artistic gymnast
• Sergei Danilov (born 1989), Russian association football player
• Tamara Danilova (born 1939), Russian Olympic discus thrower
• Valentin Danilov (born 1951), Russian physicist
• Vasily Danilov (disambiguation), list of people
• Viktor Danilov (1927–2016), Russian-born Belarusian Greek Catholic priest and Soviet dissident
• Vitaliy Danilov (born 1967), president of Ukrainian Premier League and Honorary President of FC Kharkiv
• Yuri Danilov (1866–1937), Russian military figure and historian