Coca tea
Coca tea, also called mate de coca, is a herbal tea (infusion) made using the raw or dried leaves of the cocaine-containing coca plant, which is native to South America. It is made either by submerging the coca leaf or dipping a tea bag in hot water. The tea is most commonly consumed in the Andes mountain range, particularly Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and especially in Peru, where it is consumed all around the country. It is greenish yellow in color and has a mild bitter flavor similar to green tea with a more organic sweetness.
There is no evidence that the use of coca tea leads to dependence or addiction, potentially due to the low concentrations of cocaine present.
Though also known as mate, mate de coca is made from a different plant to the yerba mate drink in Southeastern South America.
Alkaloid content and stimulant properties
The leaves of the coca plant contain alkaloids that—when extracted chemically—are the source for cocaine base. The amount of coca alkaloid in the raw leaves is small, however. A cup of coca tea prepared from one gram of coca leaves (the typical contents of a tea bag) contains approximately 4.2 mg of organic coca alkaloid.[1] (In comparison, a typical dose (a "line") of cocaine contains between 20 and 30 milligrams.[2]) Owing to the presence of these alkaloids, coca tea is a mild stimulant; its consumption may be compared to consumption of a moderately strong cup of coffee or tea.[3] The coca alkaloid content of coca tea is such that the consumption of one cup of coca tea can cause a positive result on a drug test for cocaine, however.[1]
Similar to decaffeination in coffee, coca tea can be decocainized.[4] Just as decaffeinated coffee retains a small quantity of caffeine, decocainized coca tea will still contain a small quantity of organic coca alkaloids.[4]
Legal status
Coca tea is legal in Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Ecuador.[5][6] Its use is being discouraged in part by the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. Coca tea is illegal in the United States unless it is decocainized.[4]
Traditional medicine
Andean indigenous peoples use the tea in traditional medicine practices.[7]
Coca tea may be recommended for travelers in the Andes to prevent altitude sickness, although its actual effectiveness has never been systematically studied.[8]
See also
- Vin Mariani, a French-Corsican coca wine
- Pemberton's French Wine Coca, a coca wine, the inspiration for Coca-Cola
- Coca-Cola, an international soft drink made with decocainized coca leaf
- Coca Colla, a similar Bolivian drink
- Cocoroco, a very strong Bolivian alcoholic beverage
- Coca flour
References
- ^ a b Jenkins AJ, Llosa T, Montoya I, Cone EJ (1996). "Identification and quantitation of alkaloids in coca tea". Forensic Sci Int. 77 (3): 179–89. doi:10.1016/0379-0738(95)01860-3. PMC 2705900. PMID 8819993.
- ^ Jerome J. Platt (2000). Cocaine Addiction: Theory, Research and Treatment. Harvard University Press. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-674-00178-7.
- ^ Jim Shultz; Melissa Draper (2008). Dignity and Defiance: Stories from Bolivia's Challenge to Globalization. University of California Press. p. 183. ISBN 978-0-520-25699-6.
- ^ a b c Amitava Dasgupta (2010). Beating Drug Tests and Defending Positive Results: A Toxicologist's Perspective. Springer. p. 106. ISBN 978-1-60761-526-2.
- ^ Matthew Garrahan (18 June 2010). "When Hugo met Oliver". Financial Times Magazine. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
- ^ Richard K. Ries; Shannon C. Miller; David A. Fiellin (2009). Principles of Addiction Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-7817-7477-2.
- ^ Substances that produce addiction Archived October 26, 2006, at the Wayback Machine – University of Buenos Aires (in Spanish).
- ^ Andrew M. Luks, et al. "Wilderness Medical Society Consensus Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Acute Altitude Illness: 2014 Update". Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, 25, S4–S14 (2014).