Langbahn Team – Weltmeisterschaft

Cisco (wine)

Not to be confused with Cisco Brewers.
Cisco
TypeFlavored fortified wine
DistributorCanandaigua Wine Company
Region of originUnited States
Introduced1985
Alcohol by volume 20
Proof (US)40

Cisco is an American brand of flavored fortified wine produced by Canandaigua Wine Company. It is produced in a variety of fruit flavors and is known for its high alcohol content.

In 1991, the brand was criticized for allegedly deceptive marketing that presented the 20% alcohol by volume (ABV) wine as being comparable to low-alcohol content beverages like wine coolers (4% ABV by average).[1] The Canandaigua Wine Company changed Cisco's branding and packaging in 1991 after the Federal Trade Commission launched a complaint against the company.

Description

Cisco is a dessert wine[2] fortified with grape brandy.[3] It has been produced in a variety of fruit flavors including "red", "orange", "peach", "berry", "gold",[4] "black cherry", "blue raspberry" and "strawberry".[5] Journalist Julia Flynn Siler wrote that Cisco was "a syrupy hooch that has been described as tasting like fruit-flavored Robitussin mixed with liquid Jell-O and two-hundred-proof vodka."[6] A 2015 review of strawberry Cisco by Andy Kryza of Thrillist described it as having "the consistency of watered-down cough syrup and sugar, but none of the flavor of traditional sizurp."[7]

The wine contained 20% alcohol by volume (ABV). By comparison, wine coolers had only 4% ABV on average.[1] Consumption of Cisco was reported to result in effects such as combative behavior, hallucinations and loss of consciousness.[8][1] Because of its strength, it was colloquially known as "liquid crack".[9][10]

Marketing

Canandaigua used the slogan "Takes you by surprise!" for Cisco, and it was primarily marketed towards low-income communities and African-American consumers.[11][12] Despite its strength, 12oz/ 375ml bottles of Cisco were marketed to consumers as single serving beverages prior to 1991.[13] Bottles of Cisco were also commonly stocked next to low alcohol content wine coolers in stores.[14] A 1995 survey found that 36% of high school students were unsure whether Cisco contained alcohol, and more than half did not realize it contained more alcohol than beer or malt liquor.[15]

History

Cisco was introduced in 1985,[16] and the brand was acquired by the Canandaigua Wine Company in 1988.[11] The drink was popular among teenagers due to its inexpensiveness[17] and selection of flavors.[10] A 375-milliliter bottle cost $1.50 in 1990, while a 750-milliliter bottle cost $2.50.[4]

In 1991, Cisco consumption was linked to multiple cases of alcohol poisoning in teenagers, with the Children's National Medical Center in Washington D.C. reporting that 10 out of the 15 cases of adolescent alcoholism treated there had involved Cisco. Cisco consumption was also partly blamed by the media for an incident in which teenagers threw rocks from an overpass on the Capital Beltway onto traffic below.[18][19]

A public campaign was launched to make retailers stop stocking the wine, and to pressure the company to cease selling Cisco.[18] Multiple organizations, including the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, the Center for Science in the Public Interest,[20] the National Alcoholism Council and Mothers Against Drunk Driving were involved in the campaign.[21] In response to the campaign, the convenience store chain 7-Eleven stopped selling Cisco.[18]

Also in 1991, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) launched a complaint against the Canandaigua Wine Company, alleging that the flavor varieties, packaging, and branding of Cisco deceptively resembled low alcohol beverages which could be safely consumed as a single serving.[22] The chairman of the House Select Committee on Youth[23] and the Surgeon General of the United States, Antonia Novello, also urged the company to change the marketing and packaging of the wine. The company reached a consent agreement with the FTC that involved them changing the branding of Cisco and no longer marketing it as a single-serving beverage.[13]

Drug culture

Cisco has been noted to be popular among some communities of drug users.[24] A study of homeless intravenous drug users in San Francisco between 1994 and 2006 found that daily alcohol consumption was common among participants, "primarily inexpensive, twelve-ounce bottles of Cisco Berry fortified wine".[25] A 2006 study of ethnic differences between heroin users found that white heroin users tended to supplement their psychoactive substance use with Cisco Berry wine, while African-American heroin users tended to prefer crack cocaine.[26]

Cisco has been described as being a component of rap culture.[27][28] The drink was frequently referenced in rap lyrics,[4] and was described by Ice Cube as one of his favorite drinks.[29] Uncle Luke's debut solo album I Got Shit on My Mind (1992) includes the track "Cisco".[30]

Paul Beatty noted Cisco's popularity among "white college hepsters at the University of Mercury" and "Aspen-ski-vacation, company car drivin'" black men who wanted to imitate rap culture.[28] Randall Kenan, in his book Walking on Water: Black American Lives at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century, criticized the marketing of Cisco and other alcohol brands towards Black youth as part of rap culture. Kenan wrote that it was "the worst rotgut you could get" and described it as "not like any other liquor".[27]

In his memoir, The Blues Man, Melvyn "Deacon" Jones wrote that the difference between rock and roll musicians and jazz musicians was that "jazz aficionados drink cognac and we drink Cisco wine."[31]

References

  1. ^ a b c Ap (1991-01-10). "Surgeon General Calls Potent Wine a Threat". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  2. ^ Wine & Spirit International. Evro Publishing Company. July 1994. pp. 50–55.
  3. ^ Beauchamp, Tom L. (2004). Case Studies in Business, Society, and Ethics. Pearson Prentice Hall. pp. 169–174. ISBN 978-0-13-099435-6.
  4. ^ a b c Cross, Huntley J. (1990-11-25). "FORTIFIED WINE: FIVE FLAVORS OF DANGER 'LIQUID CRACK'". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  5. ^ Martin, Scott C. (2014-12-16). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Alcohol: Social, Cultural, and Historical Perspectives. SAGE Publications. p. 1404. ISBN 978-1-4833-3108-9.
  6. ^ Siler, Julia Flynn (2007). The House of Mondavi: The Rise and Fall of an American Wine Dynasty. Penguin. p. 332. ISBN 978-1-59240-259-5.
  7. ^ Kryza, Andy (2014-01-10). "Ranking the Top-5 Bum Wines, From Thunderbird to Mad Dog 20/20". Thrillist. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  8. ^ Beauchamp; Bowie (August 1999). Ethical Theory Bus Uni Phoened (a1). Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 478. ISBN 978-0-13-016715-6.
  9. ^ "BAN ON CISCO WINE URGED". Greensboro News and Record. 1991-01-09. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  10. ^ a b Walsh-Childers, Kim (2016-12-01). Mass Media and Health: Examining Media Impact on Individuals and the Health Environment. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-40690-7.
  11. ^ a b Cross, Huntley J. (1991-01-06). "CISCO WINE IS FULL OF SURPRISES, ALCOHOL OFFICIALS SAYS". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  12. ^ African-American law & policy report. 1997. p. 298.
  13. ^ a b "The maker of Cisco, a flavored wine product with... - UPI Archives". UPI. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  14. ^ "CISCO WINE TO GET NEW PACKAGING". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  15. ^ Company, DIANE Publishing (1995). Youth and Alcohol: A National Survey, Drinking Habits, Access, Attitudes, and Knowledge. DIANE Publishing. pp. 1–14. ISBN 978-0-7881-2412-9. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  16. ^ Sun, Baltimore (1990-12-30). "LET'S SET THE RECORD STRAIGHT ON CISCO WINE". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  17. ^ Jurkiewicz, Carole L.; Painter, Murphy J. (2007-11-14). Social and Economic Control of Alcohol: The 21st Amendment in the 21st Century. CRC Press. p. 129. ISBN 978-1-4200-5464-4.
  18. ^ a b c Gladwell, Malcolm (January 10, 1991). "SURGEON GENERAL DENOUNCES MARKETING OF POTENT WINE". Washington Post.
  19. ^ Albright, David (1996). The Divided Highway: Transportation Equity and Violence. Alliance for Transportation Research. p. 37.
  20. ^ "WINE DRINK'S PACKAGING A TRICK, GROUPS WARN". Chicago Tribune. 1990-09-14. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  21. ^ RAEKE, CAROLYN RAEKE AND MICHAEL BEEBE, CHARLES ANZALONE AND MICHAEL BEEBE, DAN HERBECK AND MICHAEL BEEBE, GENE WARNER AND MICHAEL BEEBE, JANE KWIATKOWSKI AND MICHAEL BEEBE, JIMMY THOMPSON AND MICHAEL BEEBE, JON R. SORENSEN AND MICHAEL BEEBE, JUAN FORERO AND MICHAEL BEEBE, Michael Beebe, MICHAEL BEEBE AND CAROLYN (1991-01-20). "DISPUTE FERMENTS OVER ABUSE OF CISCO WINE; CRITICS SAY CANANDAIGUA PRODUCT IS DECEPTIVE, DANGEROUS TO YOUNG". Buffalo News. Retrieved 2023-12-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  22. ^ "CANANDAIGUA WINE CO. AGREES TO ADVERTISING, PACKAGING CHANGES FOR CISCO FORTIFIED WINE TO SETTLE FTC CHARGES". ftc.gov. 1991-03-12. Archived from the original on 2007-10-18. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  23. ^ Turner, Douglas (1991-01-29). "HOUSE PANEL CHIEF ASSAILS CANANDAIGUA'S CISCO WINE". Buffalo News. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  24. ^ Inciardi, James A.; McElrath, Karen (2001). The American Drug Scene. Roxbury. p. 108. ISBN 978-1-891487-36-1.
  25. ^ Adler, Patricia A.; Adler, Peter; O'Brien, Patrick K. (2012-02-28). Drugs and the American Dream: An Anthology. John Wiley & Sons. p. 81. ISBN 978-0-470-67027-9.
  26. ^ Barrack, Samuel (2011). Social Medicine in the 21st Century: Thematic Collection. iMedPub. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-4610-9613-9.
  27. ^ a b Kenan, Randall (2000-02-22). Walking on Water: Black American Lives at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 481. ISBN 978-0-679-73788-9.
  28. ^ a b Liu, Eric (1994). Next: Young American Writers on the New Generation. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-393-31191-4.
  29. ^ Reynolds, David S.; Rosenthal, Debra J. (1997). The Serpent in the Cup: Temperance in American Literature. University of Massachusetts Press. p. 213. ISBN 978-1-55849-081-9.
  30. ^ Luke - I Got S--t on My Mind Album Reviews, Songs & More | AllMusic, retrieved 2024-01-26
  31. ^ Jones, Melvyn "Deacon"; Jones, Melvyn (2008). The Blues Man: 40 Years with the Blues Legends. AuthorHouse. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-4343-7571-1.
Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_(wine)