Cherniavsky (Ukrainian: Чернявський, Russian: Чернявский, Yiddish: טשערניאַװסקי is a Slavic surname derived from Polish Czerniawski. Notable people with the surname include:

• Aleh Charnyawski (born 1970) Belarusian athlete
• Daniel Cherniavsky (born 1933), Argentinian writer and television producer
• Joseph Cherniavsky (c. 1890–1959), American composer and bandleader
• Olga Chernyavskaya (born 1963), Russian Olympic athlete
• Sally Fox (photographer) (1929-2006), American photographer and editor
• Vlada Chernyavskaya (born 1966), Belarusian badminton player

• Cherniavsky Trio [de], a Ukrainian musical group mainly popular from 1901 to 1917
• Chernyavsky (Russian family) [ru], a noble family of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russian Empire
• Chernyavsky, Novosibirsk [ru], a village in Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia

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