Central China loess plateau mixed forests
| Central China Loess Plateau Mixed Forests | |
|---|---|
 Central China Loess Plateau Mixed Forests | |
 Ecoregion territory (in yellow) | |
| Ecology | |
| Realm | Palearctic |
| Biome | Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest |
| Geography | |
| Area | 359,867 km2 (138,945 sq mi) |
| Countries | China |
| Coordinates | 37°00′N 112°45′E / 37.000°N 112.750°E |
| Soil types | Loess |
The Central China Loess Plateau Mixed Forests ecoregion (WWF ID: PA0411) covers an elongated plateau across north-central China, characterized by accumulated soils of wind-blown dust known as loess and glacial till. The yellowish soil imparts its color to the Yellow River and Yellow Sea downstream. The ecoregion is located west of the lower Yellow River basin and the North China Plain.[1][2]
Location and description
The ecoregion runs about 1,600 km from southwest to northeast, and is about 300 km wide. The loess soil is up to 200 meters thick, with the greatest depths in the southwest, where consolidated loess can be formed into mountains. Thinner deposits are in the northeast where the loess only fills basins.[1] Because loess retains nutrients and water well, the soil can support vegetation through dry seasons.
Climate
The climate of the ecoregion is Humid continental climate, warm summer (Köppen climate classification (Dwb)), with a dry winter. This climate is characterized by large seasonal temperature differentials and a warm summer (at least four months averaging over 10 °C (50 °F), but no month averaging over 22 °C (72 °F), and cold winters having monthly precipitation less than one-tenth of the wettest summer month.[3][4]
Flora and fauna
The plateau supports mixed deciduous broadleaf forests in the northern and eastern areas, although vegetation gets more sparse and poor towards the southwest. Conversion of forest to agriculture over time has led to erosion and loss of vegetation, which has been severe in some areas. The general belief is that the area was once heavily forested with tall trees, however recent research suggests that much of the area may have been grassland at times in the past 20,000 years.[5]
Conservation
Since the 1950s the government has heavily supported tree-planting programs for erosion control in the region, converting unproductive agricultural land on steep slopes to forest.[6] A 2017 estimate approximated that 17,299 square kilometers of the region are in protected areas,[7] including the Lishan National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, and the Luyashan National and the Pangquangou National Nature Reserves in Shanxi.
References
- ^ a b "Central China Loess Plateau Mixed Forests". World Wildlife Federation. Retrieved October 29, 2019.
- ^ "Map of Ecoregions 2017". Resolve, using WWF data. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
- ^ Kottek, M.; Grieser, J.; Beck, C.; Rudolf, B.; Rubel, F. (2006). "World Map of Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Updated" (PDF). Gebrüder Borntraeger 2006. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
- ^ "Dataset - Koppen climate classifications". World Bank. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
- ^ "New study uproots popular belief in Central China's leafy Loess Plateau". South China Morning Post. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
- ^ Xiao, Jingfeng (2014). "Satellite evidence for significant biophysical consequences of the "Grain for Green" Program on the Loess Plateau in China". Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 119 (12). AGU100: 2261–2275. doi:10.1002/2014JG002820.
- ^ Dinerstein, Eric [in German]; Olson, David; Joshi, Anup; et al. (2017-04-05). "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm". BioScience. 67 (6): 534–545, Supplemental material 2 table S1b. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014. ISSN 0006-3568. PMC 5451287. PMID 28608869.