CYT006-AngQb
| Vaccine description | |
|---|---|
| Target | Hypertension |
| Vaccine type | Conjugate |
| Clinical data | |
| Routes of administration | Subcutaneous |
| ATC code |
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| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
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| Identifiers | |
| ChemSpider |
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CYT006-AngQb was an investigational vaccine against angiotensin II, designed to lower blood pressure. It was somewhat effective in clinical trials, but less so than conventional drugs against hypertension (elevated blood pressure).[1]
Method of action
Angiotensin II causes blood vessels to constrict, and drives blood pressure up. CYT006-AngQb consists of virus-like particles covalently coupled to angiotensin II. Subcutaneous injection causes the immune system to produce antibodies which reduce angiotensin II blood levels, lowering blood pressure.
Studies
In a 2008 phase IIa study, 72 patients received 100 μg, 300 μg or placebo in weeks 0, 4, and 12. Blood pressure was lowered dose-dependently, by 5.6 mmHg (systolic) and 2.8 mmHg (diastolic) in the 300 μg group. Morning blood pressure (5:00-8:00) was lowered by 25 mmHg (systolic) and 13 mmHg (diastolic).
Side effects were mild and included local reactions, headache and fatigue.[2]
The 2008 trial was small and exploratory. It did not address the question of whether the vaccine actually protects internal organs, nor did it address safety concerns such as whether the vaccine would cause autoimmune disease. If a standard drug treatment is found to dangerously inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, it can be withdrawn and the effects reversed quickly, but that would not be true of the vaccine. However, poor compliance to standard treatment is the main reason for inadequate control of blood pressure, and if vaccination were safe and effective in the long run, it may solve many compliance problems.[3]
CYT006-AngQb did not reach Phase III studies because the antihypertensive effects were small compared to existing ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists, and they were not reproducible across dosing schemes. Similar vaccines with modified immunogens and different adjuvants are being investigated.[1][4]
References
- ^ a b Brown MJ (October 2009). "Success and failure of vaccines against renin-angiotensin system components". Nature Reviews. Cardiology. 6 (10): 639–647. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2009.156. PMID 19707182. S2CID 15949.
- ^ Tissot AC, Maurer P, Nussberger J, Sabat R, Pfister T, Ignatenko S, et al. (March 2008). "Effect of immunisation against angiotensin II with CYT006-AngQb on ambulatory blood pressure: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase IIa study". Lancet. 371 (9615): 821–827. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60381-5. PMID 18328929. S2CID 15175992.
- ^ Samuelsson O, Herlitz H (March 2008). "Vaccination against high blood pressure: a new strategy". Lancet. 371 (9615): 788–789. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60355-4. PMID 18328909. S2CID 38323966.
- ^ Do TH, Chen Y, Nguyen VT, Phisitkul S (July 2010). "Vaccines in the management of hypertension". Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy. 10 (7): 1077–1087. doi:10.1517/14712598.2010.487060. PMID 20455790. S2CID 28427056.