Byssoloma
| Byssoloma | |
|---|---|
| |
| Byssoloma leucoblepharum | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Lecanorales |
| Family: | Pilocarpaceae |
| Genus: | Byssoloma Trevis. (1853) |
| Type species | |
| Byssoloma leprieurii Trevis. (1853) | |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
Byssoloma is a genus of leaf-dwelling lichens in the family Pilocarpaceae.[2]
Taxonomy
The genus was circumscribed by the Italian botanist Vittore Benedetto Antonio Trevisan de Saint-Léon in 1853.[3]
Description
Species in genus Byssoloma form crustose, effuse (spreading) lichens that lack a cortex (outer protective layer). Their photobiont, or photosynthetic partner, is of the chlorococcoid type, a form of green algae.[4]
The apothecia (fruiting bodies), are sessile (directly attached to the thallus without a stalk) and approximately circular in shape. They lack a thalline margin (a rim formed by the lichen thallus) and possess a true exciple, which is a layer of loosely arranged hyphae that can appear hairy or web-like (tomentose-arachnoid) in some species. The hymenium, the spore-bearing tissue, reacts with iodine to turn blue (I+ blue). The hamathecium, consisting of paraphyses (filamentous support structures), is unbranched or slightly branched and not or only slightly thickened at the tips.[4]
The hypothecium, a layer beneath the hymenium, is dark red-brown and may turn purple when treated with potassium hydroxide (K) solution in European species. The asci, which are the sac-like structures where spores develop, typically contain eight spores. They have thick walls and a blue-staining apical dome with a darker blue tubular ring structure and an amyloid (starch-like) gelatinous coat.[4]
The ascospores are three-septate (having three internal partitions), colourless, and found in European species. Asexual reproductive structures, the pycnidia, are also sessile and roughly spherical, usually covered by a layer of loosely interwoven hyphae. The conidiophores (spore-producing cells) are unbranched, forming flask-shaped, bacillar (rod-like), or ellipsoidal conidia (asexual spores) that are constricted in the middle.[4]
Chemically, argopsin, a secondary metabolite (lichen product), is sometimes detected in one species, but otherwise, Byssoloma lacks lichen products.[4]
Species
As of July 2024, Species Fungorum accepts 39 species of Byssoloma.[5]
- Byssoloma annuum (Vain.) G.Thor, Lücking & Tat.Matsumoto (2000)
- Byssoloma aurantiacum Kalb & Vězda (1990)[6]
- Byssoloma australiense P.M.McCarthy & Elix (2018)[7]
- Byssoloma braulioi Lücking (2008)[8]
- Byssoloma brunneodiscum W.C.Wang & J.C.Wei (2020)[9] – China
- Byssoloma carneum Rain.Schub., Greber & Lücking (2003)[10]
- Byssoloma catarinense L.I.Ferraro & Lücking (2008)[8]
- Byssoloma catillariosporum M.Cáceres, M.W.O.Santos & Aptroot (2013)[11]
- Byssoloma chlorinum (Vain.) Zahlbr. (1932)
- Byssoloma confusum Farkas & Vězda (1993)[12]
- Byssoloma diederichii Sérus. (1998)[13]
- Byssoloma dimerelloides Sipman & Aptroot (1991)[14]
- Byssoloma discordans (Vain.) Zahlbr. (1923)
- Byssoloma fuscothallinum Lücking (2006)[15]
- Byssoloma fuscum van den Boom (2016)[16]
- Byssoloma humboldtianum Lücking & Kalb (2000)[17]
- Byssoloma hypophyllum Lücking & Kalb (2000)[17]
- Byssoloma kakouettae (Sérus.) Lücking & Sérus. (2002)
- Byssoloma laurisilvae Breuss (2013)[18] – Europe
- Byssoloma leucoblepharum (Nyl.) Vain. (1926)
- Byssoloma llimonae Sérus., Gómez-Bolea, Longán & Lücking (2002)[19]
- Byssoloma maderense Breuss (2014)[20]
- Byssoloma marginatum (Arnold) Sérus. (1992)
- Byssoloma meadii (Tuck.) S.Ekman (1996)
- Byssoloma melanodiscocarpum W.C.Wang & J.C.Wei (2020)[9] – China
- Byssoloma microcarpum Kalb & Vězda (1994)[21]
- Byssoloma multipunctatum Lücking (2008)[8]
- Byssoloma murinum Vězda (1987)[22]
- Byssoloma permutans (Nyl.) Lücking (2013)
- Byssoloma rubrofuscum W.C.Wang & J.C.Wei (2020)[9] – China
- Byssoloma rubromarginatum Messuti & de la Rosa (2007)[23]
- Byssoloma spinulosum Sérus. (2011)[24]
- Byssoloma sprucei (C.Bab. ex Müll.Arg.) Lücking & M.Cáceres (2008)[8]
- Byssoloma subdiscordans (Nyl.) P.James (1971)
- Byssoloma subleucoblepharum G.Thor, Lücking & Tat.Matsumoto (2000)[25]
- Byssoloma subundulatum (Stirt.) Vězda (1986)
- Byssoloma tricholomum (Mont.) Zahlbr. (1923)
- Byssoloma vanderystii Sérus. (1979)[26] – Africa
- Byssoloma xanthonicum Aptroot (2014)[27] – New Caledonia
References
- ^ "Synonymy: Byssoloma Trevis., Spighe Paglie: 6 (1853)". Species Fungorum. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
- ^ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. hdl:10481/61998.
- ^ Trevisan de Saint-Léon, V. (1853). Spighe e Paglie. Scritti Botanici Varj. Vol. 1. p. 6.
- ^ a b c d e Cannon, P.; Orange, A.; Aptroot, A.; Sanderson, N.; Coppins, B.; Simkin, J. (2022). Lecanorales: Pilocarpaceae, including the genera Aquacidia, Byssoloma, Fellhanera, Fellhaneropsis, Leimonis and Micarea (PDF). Revisions of British and Irish Lichens. Vol. 27. p. 7.
- ^ "Byssoloma". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
- ^ Kalb, K.; Vězda, A. (1990). "Die Flechtengattung Byssoloma in der Neotropis (eine taxonomisch-phytogeographische Studie)". Nova Hedwigia. 51 (3–4): 435–451.
- ^ Elix, J.A.; McCarthy, P.M. (2018). "Ten new lichen species (Ascomycota) from Australia". Australasian Lichenology. 82: 20–59.
- ^ a b c d Lücking, Robert (2008). Foliicolous Lichenized Fungi. Flora Neotropica. Vol. 103. New York Botanical Garden Press. ISSN 0071-5794. JSTOR 25660968.
- ^ a b c Wang, Wei-Cheng; van den Boom, Pieter; Sangvichien, Ek; Wei, Jiang-Chun (2020). "A molecular study of the lichen genus Byssoloma Trevisan (Pilocarpaceae) with descriptions of three new species from China". The Lichenologist. 52 (5): 387–396. doi:10.1017/s0024282920000390.
- ^ Schubert, R.; Lücking, R.; Lumbsch, H.T. (2003). "New species of foliicolous lichens from "La Amistad" Biosphere Reserve, Costa Rica". Willdenowia. 33 (2): 459–465. doi:10.3372/wi.33.33220.
- ^ CáCeres, Marcela Eugenia da Silva; Santos, Marlon Wendell Oliveira dos; Mendonça, Cléverton de Oliveira; Mota, Danyelle Andrade; Aptroot, André (2013). "New lichen species of the genera Porina and Byssoloma from an urban Atlantic rainforest patch in Sergipe, NE Brazil". The Lichenologist. 45 (3): 379–382. doi:10.1017/S0024282913000054.
- ^ Farkas, Edit; Vězda, Antonín (1993). "Five new foliicolous lichen species". Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica. 28 (3): 321–330. doi:10.1007/BF02853518. JSTOR 4181207.
- ^ Sérusiaux, E. (1998). "Deux nouvelles espèces de Byssoloma Trev. (lichens, Pilocarpaceae) d'Europe occidentale et de Macaronésie". Cryptogamie Bryologie Lichénologie (in Latin). 19: 197–209.
- ^ Aptroot, A.; Sipman, H. (1991). "New lichens and lichen records from New Guinea". Willdenowia. 20: 221–256.
- ^ Lücking, Robert (2006). "Foliicolous lichens from French Guiana (northeastern South America)". Cryptogamie Mycologie. 27 (2): 121–147.
- ^ Van den Boom, P.P.G. (2016). "Lichens and lichenicolous fungi of the Azores (Portugal), collected on São Miguel and Terceira with the descriptions of seven new species". Acta Botanica Hungarica. 58 (1–2): 199–222. doi:10.1556/034.58.2016.1-2.11.
- ^ a b Lücking, R.; Kalb, K. (2000). "Foliikole Flechten aus Brasilien (vornehmlich Amazonien), inklusive einer Checkliste und Bemerkungen zu Coenogonium und Dimerella (Gyalectaceae)". Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie. 122 (1): 25.
- ^ Breuss, O. (2013). "Byssoloma laurisilvae und Thelotrema lueckingii, zwei neue Flechtenarten aus Madeira". Österreichische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde (in German). 22: 99–105.
- ^ Sérusiaux, E.; Gómez-Bolea, A.; Longán, A.; Lücking, R. (2002). "Byssoloma llimonae sp nov., from continental Spain, Madeira and the Canary Islands". The Lichenologist. 34 (3): 183–188. Bibcode:2002ThLic..34..183S. doi:10.1006/lich.2002.0380.
- ^ Breuss, O. (2014). "Weitere Flechtenfunde aus Madeira". Stapfia. 101: 47–51.
- ^ Kalb, K.; Vězda, A. (1994). "Beiträge zur Kenntnis der foliicolen Flechten australischer Regenwälder IV". Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Provence (in German). 45: 235–246.
- ^ Vězda, A. (1987). "Foliicole Flechten aus Zaire (III). Die Gattung Byssoloma Trevisan". Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica (in German). 22 (1): 71–83. doi:10.1007/BF02853218.
- ^ Messuti, M.I.; de la Rosa, I.N. (2007). "Byssoloma rubromarginatum (Pilocarpaceae: Ascomycota), a new corticolous species from Nothofagus forests in Argentina". Mycological Progress. 6 (4): 235–238. Bibcode:2007MycPr...6..235M. doi:10.1007/s11557-007-0542-0.
- ^ Lumbsch, H.T.; Ahti, T.; Altermann, S.; De Paz, G.A.; Aptroot, A.; Arup, U.; et al. (2011). "One hundred new species of lichenized fungi: a signature of undiscovered global diversity" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 18 (1): 9–11. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.18.1.1.
- ^ Thor, G.; Lücking, R.; Matsumoto, T. (2000). "The foliicolous lichen flora of Japan". Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses. 32 (3): 31.
- ^ Sérusiaux, E. (1979). "Two new foliicolous lichens From tropical Africa" (PDF). The Lichenologist. 11 (2): 181–185. doi:10.1017/s0024282979000207. hdl:2268/174506.
- ^ Aptroot, André (2014). "Two new genera of Arthoniales from New Caledonia and the Solomon Islands, with the description of eight further species". The Bryologist. 117 (3): 282–289. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-117.3.282.