Bentley R Type
Standard steel sports saloon 1953
Overview
Manufacturer	Bentley Motors Limited (1931)
Also called	Bentley Mark VII
Production	1952–1955 2,323 built
Assembly	Crewe, England
Body and chassis
Class	Luxury car
Body style	Standard 4-door saloon; otherwise as arranged with coachbuilder by customer
Layout	front engine, rear-wheel drive
Related	Rolls-Royce Silver Dawn
Powertrain
Engine	4.6 L IOE straight-6 130 hp (97 kW)(estimate)[1]
Transmission	4-speed manual 4-speed automatic (optional)
Dimensions
Wheelbase	120 in (3,048 mm) [2]
Length	200 in (5,080 mm) [2]
Width	69 in (1,753 mm) [2]
Height	64.5 in (1,638 mm) [2]
Chronology
Predecessor	Mark VI
Successor	S1

The Bentley R Type is the second series of post-war Bentley automobiles, produced from 1952 to 1955 as the successor the Mark VI. Essentially a larger-boot version of the Mk VI, the R type is regarded by some as a stop-gap before the introduction of the S series cars in 1955. As with its predecessor, a standard body was available as well as coachbuilt versions by firms including H. J. Mulliner & Co., Park Ward, Harold Radford, Freestone and Webb, Carrosserie Worblaufen and others.

Other than the radiator grilles and the carburation there was little difference between the standard Bentley R Type and the Rolls-Royce Silver Dawn. The R Type was the more popular marque. Some 2,500 units were manufactured during its run, as compared to the Silver Dawn's 760.

During development it was referred to as the Bentley Mark VII; the chassis cards for these cars describe them as Bentley 7. The R Type name which is now usually applied stems from chassis series RT. The front of the saloon model was identical to the Mark VI, but the boot (trunk) was almost doubled in capacity.^{[citation needed]} The engine displacement was approximately 4½ litres, as fitted to later versions of the Mark VI.^[3] An automatic choke was fitted to the R-type's carburettor. The attachment of the rear springs to the chassis was altered in detail between the Mark VI and the R Type.^[4]

For buyers looking for a more distinctive car, a decreasing number had custom coachwork available from the dwindling number of UK coachbuilders. These ranged from the grand flowing lines of Freestone and Webb's conservative, almost prewar shapes, to the practical conversions of Harold Radford which including a clamshell style tailgate and folding rear seats.^{[peacock prose]}

All R Type models use an iron-block/aluminium-head straight-six engine fed by twin SU Type H6 carburettors.^{[citation needed]} The basic engine displaced 4,566 cc (278.6 cu in) with a 92 mm (3.62 in) bore and 114.3 mm (4.50 in) stroke.^[3] A four-speed manual transmission was standard with a four-speed automatic option becoming standard on later cars.

As of 2017, it remains the last car by Bentley to be sold which has manual transmission.

The suspension was independent at the front using coil springs with semi elliptic leaf springs at the rear.^[3] The brakes used 12.25 in (311 mm) drums all round and were operated hydraulically at the front and mechanically at the rear via a gearbox driven servo.^{[citation needed]}

The first example is the standard steel saloon built by Bentley, but a number of customers opted for a bare chassis which was taken to a coachbuilder of their choice.

• 
  Standard steel
  sports saloon
• 
  Abbott
  fixed-head coupé
• 
  Freestone & Webb
  sports saloon
• 
  H J Mulliner
  drop-head coupé
• 
  H J Mulliner
  sports saloon
• 
  James Young
  coupé
• 
  James Young
  sports saloon
• 
  Park Ward
  coupé de ville

A four-door saloon with automatic transmission tested by the British magazine The Motor in 1953 had a top speed of 101.7 mph (163.7 km/h) and could accelerate from 0-60 mph (97 km/h) in 13.25 seconds. A fuel consumption of 15.5 miles per imperial gallon (18.2 L/100 km; 12.9 mpg_‑US) was recorded. The test car cost £4481 including taxes.^[2]

The R-Type Continental was a high-performance version of the R-Type. It was the fastest four-seat car in production at the time.^[5]

The prototype was developed by a team of designers and engineers from Rolls-Royce Ltd. and coachbuilder H. J. Mulliner & Co. led by Rolls-Royce's Chief Project Engineer, Ivan Evernden.^[6] Rolls-Royce worked with H. J. Mulliner instead of their own coachbuilding subsidiary Park Ward because the former had developed a lightweight body construction system using metal throughout instead of the traditional ash-framed bodies.^[7]

The styling, finalised by Stanley Watts of H. J. Mulliner,^[8] was influenced by aerodynamic testing conducted at Rolls-Royce's wind tunnel by Evernden's assistant, Milford Read. The rear fins stabilised the car at speed and made it resistant to changes in direction due to crosswinds.^[9]

A maximum kerb weight of 34 long hundredweight (1,700 kg; 3,800 lb) was specified to keep the tyres within a safe load limit at a top speed of 120 mph (190 km/h).^[10]

The prototype, with chassis number 9-B-VI^[10] and registration number OLG-490, which earned it the nickname "Olga",^[4] was on the road by August 1951.^[10] Olga and the first series of production Continentals were based on the Mark VI chassis, and used a manual mixture control on the steering wheel boss, as these versions did not have an automatic choke.^[4]

The early R Type Continental has essentially the same engine as the standard R Type, but with modified carburation, induction and exhaust manifolds along with higher gear ratios.^[11] The compression ratio was raised to 7.25:1 from the standard 6.75:1,^[3] while the final gear ratio was raised (lowered numerically) from 3.41 to 3.07.^[12]

Despite its name, the two-door Continental was produced principally for the domestic home market, most of the 207 cars produced were right-hand drive, with 43 left-hand drive examples produced for use abroad. The chassis was produced at the Rolls-Royce Crewe factory and shared many components with the standard R type. R-Type Continentals were delivered as rolling chassis to the coachbuilder of choice. Coachwork for most of these cars was completed by H. J. Mulliner & Co. who mainly built them in fastback coupe form. Other coachwork came from Park Ward (London) who built six, later including a drophead coupe version. Franay (Paris) built five, Graber (Wichtrach, Switzerland) built three, one of them later altered by Köng (Basel, Switzerland), and Pininfarina made one. James Young (London) built in 1954 a Sports Saloon for the owner of the company, James Barclay.

After July 1954, the model was fitted with an engine with a larger bore of 94.62 mm (3.7 in), giving a total displacement of 4.9 L (4887 cc/298 in³).^{[citation needed]}

The rarity of the R Type Continental has made the car valuable to car collectors. In 2015 a 1952 R Type Continental, in unrestored condition, sold for over $1 million USD. ^[13]

• R Type: 2323 (295 with coachbuilt bodies)^[14]
• R Type Continental: 208^[5] (including the prototype)

• Bennett, Martin (2009). Bentley Continental: Corniche & Azure 1951-2002. Foreword by John Blatchley (Second ed.). Dorchester, UK: Veloce Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84584-210-9. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
• Culshaw, David; Horrobin, Peter (2013) [1974]. "Bentley". The Complete Catalogue of British Cars 1895 - 1975 (e-book ed.). Poundbury, Dorchester, UK: Veloce Publishing. p. 81. ISBN 978-1-845845-83-4.
• Egan, Peter (December 1990). "Salon: 1953 Bentley R-Type Continental". Road & Track. 42 (4). Newport Beach, CA US: Hachette Magazines: 118–124. ISSN 0035-7189.
• King, Bernard L. (2006). Bentley R Type. Coulsdon, England: Complete Classics. ISBN 0-9530451-6-1.