Bayin Htwe

Names
	Thiri Thudhamma Yaza

Thiri Thudhamma Yaza Bayin Htwe
သီရိသုဓမ္မရာဇာ ဘုရင်ထွေး
Thiri Thudhamma Yaza Bayin Htwe ; သီရိသုဓမ္မရာဇာ ဘုရင်ထွေး
King of Prome
Reign	February 1527 – late 1532
Predecessor	Thado Minsaw
Successor	Narapati
Born	c. 1470s; Tharrawaddy (Thayawadi) ; Ava Kingdom
Died	c. June 1533; outside Prome (Pyay) ; Prome Kingdom
Consort	Shwe Zin Gon ; Chit Mi
Issue; among others...	Narapati ; Minkhaung ; Minkhaung Medaw ; Narapati Medaw ; Laygyun Mibaya
Names
Names
	Thiri Thudhamma Yaza
House	Mohnyin
Father	Thado Minsaw
Mother	Myat Hpone Pyo
Religion	Theravada Buddhism

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Bayin Htwe (Burmese: ဘုရင်ထွေး, pronounced [bəjɪ̀ɰ̃ tʰwé]; c. 1470s–1533) Tai name Hso Yam Hpa (သိူဝ်ယႅမ်ႉၾႃႉ) was king of Prome (Pyay) from 1527 to 1532. His small kingdom, founded by his father Thado Minsaw in 1482, was conquered by the Confederation of Shan States in 1532, and he was taken prisoner to Upper Burma. He was later released, and returned to Prome only to be refused entry by his son Narapati. Bayin Htwe died at the outskirts of Prome (Pyay) in mid 1533.

Brief

Bayin Htwe was a son of Thado Minsaw who proclaimed independence of his minor kingdom from Ava in 1482. Htwe ascended the throne in 1526 after his father's death. His formal title was Thiri Thudhamma Yaza (သီရိသုဓမ္မရာဇာ).^[1] The new king soon incurred the wrath of Saw Lon, the leader of Confederation of Shan States because he did not send help in the Confederation's war against Ava in 1526–1527. His father had been an ally of Lon, and sent troops in their 1524–1525 assault on Ava. In 1532, Lon and his Confederation armies (12,000 troops, 800 horses and 30 elephants) laid siege to Prome. Htwe surrendered in late 1532, and was sent to Dabayin in Upper Burma in exile. Htwe's son Narapati was appointed vassal king.^[2]

Htwe's life in captivity was cut short after Lon was assassinated by his own ministers near Myedu, enabling his return to Prome. He arrived back at the outskirts of Prome, five months after he lost his throne. But Narapati did not allow him back in the city. He died about a month later in the adjoining forests.^[2]^[3]

Family

His legacy lived on through his offspring. Two of his sons, Narapati and Minkhaung, became rulers of Prome, albeit as vassals of Ava. Two of his daughters, Salin Mibaya and Laygyun Mibaya, respectively were married to Viceroy Thado Dhamma Yaza II of Prome and Viceroy Minkhaung II of Toungoo.^[4]^[5] Another daughter, Minkhaung Medaw was married to King Taka Yut Pi of Hanthawaddy, and later to King Min Bin of Arakan.^[6]^[7] He was the maternal grandfather of Queen Hsinbyushin Medaw of Lan Na and Queen Min Taya Medaw, a principal queen of King Nanda of Toungoo Dynasty.^[5]

Queen	Rank	Issue	Reference
Shwe Zin Gon	Chief queen	Narapati, King of Prome (r. 1532–1539) Mingyi Saw (d. aged 19) daughter (d. aged 14 or 19) Narapati Medaw, Vicereine of Prome (r. 1551–1588)	^{[note 1]}
Chit Mi	Principal queen	Minkhaung, King of Prome (r. 1539–1542) Minkhaung Medaw, Queen of Hanthawaddy (r. 1534/35–1539) and Queen of Arakan (r. 1540–1554) Laygyun Mibaya, Vicereine of Toungoo (r. 1549–1584) son (died young)	^{[note 1]}

Ancestry

The following is his ancestry as reported in the Hmannan Yazawin chronicle, which in turn referenced contemporary inscriptions.^{[note 2]} His parents were first cousins.

Ancestry of King Bayin Htwe

8. Mohnyin Thado

4. Narapati of Ava

9. Shin Myat Hla of Ava

2. Thado Minsaw of Prome

10. (=12) Thinkhaya of Pagan

5. Atula Thiri Maha Yaza Dewi of Ava

11. (=13) Saw Min Pu of Pagan

1. Htwe

12. (=10) Thinkhaya of Pagan

6. Saw Shwe Khet of Prome

13. (=11) Saw Min Pu of Pagan

3. Myat Hpone Pyo

14. Minye Kyawswa

7. Saw Min Phyu

15. Saw Min Hla

Notes

^ The issue list generally follows the lists provided in the main Burmese chronicles Maha Yazawin, Yazawin Thit and Hmannan Yazawin except for Minkhaung Medaw, whose mother is reported in the chronicles as Shwe Zin Gon. (Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 89), (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 329) and (Hmannan Yazawin Vol. 3 2003: 88) all say that the third daughter by Queen Shwe Zin Gon was named Minkhaung Medaw, who died at either in her 20th year (at age 19; Maha and Hmannan) or in her 15th year (age 14; Yazawin Thit). (Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 83) says that Queen Chit Mi and Bayin Htwe had issue: Minkhaung, a daughter who died young, Laygyun Mibaya and a son; (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 329) says the couple had Minkhaung, daughter married to Taka Yut Pi, Laygyun Mibaya and a son who died young; (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 80) gives Minkhaung, Laygyun Mibaya, a daughter who died young, and a son. However, the chronicles' reporting of Queen Minkhaung Medaw as the full sister of King Narapati is most probably a mix-up. First, the Arakanese chronicle Rakhaine Razawin Thit (RRT Vol. 2 1999: 33) identifies the queen who became King Min Bin's Tanzaung Mibaya as Queen Minkhaung Medaw, who according to the main Burmese chronicles was already dead in her teenage years. Furthermore, the title Minkhaung Medaw (lit. "Minkhaung's younger sister") indicates that she was more likely Minkhaung's full sister than Narapati's.
^ See (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 82–84) and (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 80, 88) for his ancestors.

References

^ Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 328
^ ^a ^b Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 116–117
^ Phayre 1967: 88
^ Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 83
^ ^a ^b Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 89
^ Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 329
^ RRT Vol. 2 1999: 33

Bibliography

Kala, U (2006) [1724]. Maha Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
Maha Sithu (2012) [1798]. Kyaw Win; Thein Hlaing (eds.). Yazawin Thit (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2nd printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
Phayre, Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P. (1967) [1883]. History of Burma. London: Susil Gupta.
Royal Historical Commission of Burma (2003) [1832]. Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3. Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.
Sandamala Linkara, Ashin (1997–1999) [1931]. Rakhine Razawin Thit (in Burmese). Vol. 1–2. Yangon: Tetlan Sarpay.

Regnal titles
Bayin Htwe Prome Kingdom Born: c. 1470s Died: c. June 1533
Preceded by Thado Minsaw	King of Prome 1527 – 1532	Succeeded by Narapati as vassal of Mohnyin

[8] The issue list generally follows the lists provided in the main Burmese chronicles Maha Yazawin, Yazawin Thit and Hmannan Yazawin except for Minkhaung Medaw, whose mother is reported in the chronicles as Shwe Zin Gon. (Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 89), (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 329) and (Hmannan Yazawin Vol. 3 2003: 88) all say that the third daughter by Queen Shwe Zin Gon was named Minkhaung Medaw, who died at either in her 20th year (at age 19; Maha and Hmannan) or in her 15th year (age 14; Yazawin Thit). (Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 83) says that Queen Chit Mi and Bayin Htwe had issue: Minkhaung, a daughter who died young, Laygyun Mibaya and a son; (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 329) says the couple had Minkhaung, daughter married to Taka Yut Pi, Laygyun Mibaya and a son who died young; (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 80) gives Minkhaung, Laygyun Mibaya, a daughter who died young, and a son. However, the chronicles' reporting of Queen Minkhaung Medaw as the full sister of King Narapati is most probably a mix-up. First, the Arakanese chronicle Rakhaine Razawin Thit (RRT Vol. 2 1999: 33) identifies the queen who became King Min Bin's Tanzaung Mibaya as Queen Minkhaung Medaw, who according to the main Burmese chronicles was already dead in her teenage years. Furthermore, the title Minkhaung Medaw (lit. "Minkhaung's younger sister") indicates that she was more likely Minkhaung's full sister than Narapati's.

[9] See (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 82–84) and (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 80, 88) for his ancestors.

[yt-1-328-1] Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 328

[my-2-116-117-2] Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 116–117

[app-88-3] Phayre 1967: 88

[my-3-83-4] Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 83

[my-3-89-5] Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 89

[yt-1-329-6] Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 329

[rrt-2-33-7] RRT Vol. 2 1999: 33

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[note 1]

[note 2]

Burmese monarchs
Pagan dynasty 849–1297	Pyinbya Tannet Sale Theinhko Nyaung-u Sawrahan Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu Kyiso Sokkate Anawrahta Saw Lu Kyansittha Sithu I Narathu Naratheinkha Sithu II Htilominlo Naratheinga Uzana¹ Kyaswa Uzana Narathihapate Kyawswa²
Myinsaing and Pinya Kingdoms 1297–1364	Athinkhaya¹, Yazathingyan¹ and Thihathu¹ Thihathu Uzana I Sithu¹ Kyawswa I Kyawswa II Narathu Uzana II
Sagaing Kingdom 1315–1364	Saw Yun Tarabya I Anawrahta I Kyaswa Anawrahta II Tarabya II Minbyauk Thihapate
Kingdom of Ava 1364–1555	Thado Minbya Swa Saw Ke Tarabya Minkhaung I Thihathu Min Hla Kale Kye-Taung Nyo Mohnyin Thado Minye Kyawswa I Narapati I Thihathura Minkhaung II and Thihathura II Narapati II Sawlon³ and Thohanbwa³ Hkonmaing³ Narapati III³ Narapati IV³
Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1287–1539, 1550–1552	Wareru Hkun Law Saw O Saw Zein Zein Pun Saw E Binnya E Law Binnya U Maha Dewi¹ Razadarit Binnya Dhammaraza Binnya Ran I Binnya Waru Binnya Kyan Leik Munhtaw Shin Sawbu Dhammazedi Binnya Ran II Takayutpi Smim Sawhtut⁴ Smim Htaw⁴
Mrauk U Kingdom 1429–1785	Saw Mon Khayi Ba Saw Phyu Dawlya Ba Saw Nyo Ran Aung Salingathu Raza Gazapati Saw O Thazata Minkhaung Min Bin Dikkha Saw Hla Sekkya Phalaung Razagyi Khamaung Thiri Thudhamma Sanay Narapati Thado Sanda Thudhamma Thiri Thuriya Wara Dhammaraza Muni Thudhammaraza Sanda Thuriya I Nawrahta Mayuppiya Kalamandat Naradipati Sanda Wimala I Sanda Thuriya II Sanda Wizaya Sanda Thuriya III Naradipati II Narapawara Sanda Wizala Madarit Nara Apaya Thirithu Sanda Parama Apaya Sanda Thumana Sanda Wimala II Sanda Thaditha Maha Thammada
Prome Kingdom 1482–1542	Thado Minsaw Bayin Htwe Narapati⁵ Minkhaung⁵
Toungoo dynasty 1510–1752	Mingyi Nyo Tabinshwehti Bayinnaung Nanda Nyaungyan Anaukpetlun Minye Deibba Thalun Pindale Pye Narawara Minye Kyawhtin Sanay Min Taninganway Min Mahadhammaraza Dipadi
Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1740–1757	Smim Htaw Buddhaketi Binnya Dala
Konbaung dynasty 1752–1885	Alaungpaya Naungdawgyi Hsinbyushin Singu Phaungka Bodawpaya Bagyidaw Tharrawaddy Pagan Mindon Thibaw
¹ Regent or Co-Regent ² Mongol vassal (1297) ³ Confederation of Shan States (1527–55) ⁴ Brief revival (1550–52) ⁵ Vassal of the Confederation of Shan States (1532–42)

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