Bar-le-Duc

Bar-le-Duc
Bar-le-Duc
Prefecture and commune
	Clock tower
	Coat of arms
	Location of Bar-le-Duc
	Bar-le-Duc Bar-le-Duc
	Coordinates: 48°46′19″N 5°09′37″E / 48.7719°N 05.1603°E
Country	France
Region	Grand Est
Department	Meuse
Arrondissement	Bar-le-Duc
Canton	Bar-le-Duc-1 and 2
Intercommunality	CA Bar-le-Duc - Sud Meuse
Government
• Mayor (2020–2026)	Martine Joly (UDI)
Area 1	23.62 km2 (9.12 sq mi)
Population (2021)	14,668
• Density	620/km2 (1,600/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code	55029 /55000
Elevation	175–327 m (574–1,073 ft) ; (avg. 240 m or 790 ft)
	1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Bar-le-Duc (French pronunciation: [baʁ lə dyk] ^ⓘ), formerly known as Bar, is a commune in the Meuse département, of which it is the capital. The department is in Grand Est in northeastern France.^[3]

The lower, more modern and busier part of the town extends along a narrow valley, shut in by wooded or vine-clad hills, and is traversed by the Ornain, which is crossed by several bridges. It is bordered on the north-east by the Marne–Rhine Canal and on the south-west by a small arm of the Ornain called the Canal des Usines, on the left bank of which the upper town (Ville Haute) is situated.^[4]

The highly rarefied Bar-le-duc jelly, also known as Lorraine jelly, is a spreadable preparation of white currant or red currant fruit preserves. First mentioned in the historical record in 1344, it is also colloquially referred to as "Bar caviar".

History

Bar-le-Duc was at one time the seat of the county, from 1354 the Duchy of Bar. Though probably of ancient origin, the town was unimportant until the 10th century when it was fortified by Frederick I of Upper Lorraine.^[4] Bar was an independent duchy from 1354 to 1480, when it was acquired by Duchy of Lorraine.

The Ville Haute, which is reached by steps and steep narrow thoroughfares, is intersected by a long, quiet street, bordered by houses of the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries. In this quarter are the remains (16th-century) of the château of the dukes of Bar, dismantled in 1670, the old clock-tower and the college, built in the latter half of the 16th century. The church of Saint-Étienne (constructed during the 14th and 15th centuries) contains the Cadaver Tomb of René of Chalon, a skilfully carved effigy in white stone of a half-decayed corpse. It was erected to the memory of René of Châlon (died 1544) and is the work of 16th-century artist Ligier Richier, a pupil of Michelangelo.^[4]

The lower town contains the official buildings and the churches of Notre-Dame, the most ancient in the town, and St Antony, with 14th-century frescoes. Among the statues of distinguished natives of the town is one of Nicolas Oudinot, whose house serves as the hôtel-de-ville.^[4] Other sights include Notre-Dame Bridge, with five arches surmounted by a chapel in the middle.

Bar-le-Duc served as the assembly point for essential supplies going to the besieged city of Verdun during the Battle of Verdun in 1916. Thousands of trucks, carrying men, equipment and food, travelled north, around the clock, on the road linking Bar-le-Duc to Verdun. The route was given the name Voie Sacrée (Sacred Way) by the writer and politician Maurice Barres in April 1916, a reference to the ancient Roman Sacra Via, leading to triumph.

In 2023, it served as the end location of the seventh season of the travel based competition “Jet Lag: The Game”.

Population

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1793	9,111	—
1800	8,961	−0.24%
1806	9,970	+1.79%
1821	11,432	+0.92%
1831	12,496	+0.89%
1836	12,383	−0.18%
1841	12,526	+0.23%
1846	13,191	+1.04%
1851	14,816	+2.35%
1856	13,835	−1.36%
1861	14,922	+1.52%
1866	15,334	+0.55%
1872	15,175	−0.17%
1876	16,728	+2.47%
1881	17,485	+0.89%
1886	18,860	+1.53%
1891	18,761	−0.11%
1896	18,249	−0.55%

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1901	17,693	−0.62%
1906	17,307	−0.44%
1911	17,068	−0.28%
1921	16,261	−0.48%
1926	16,365	+0.13%
1931	16,550	+0.23%
1936	16,697	+0.18%
1946	15,460	−0.77%
1954	16,609	+0.90%
1962	18,346	+1.25%
1968	19,159	+0.73%
1975	19,288	+0.10%
1982	18,471	−0.62%
1990	17,545	−0.64%
1999	16,944	−0.39%
2007	16,002	−0.71%
2012	15,759	−0.31%
2017	14,985	−1.00%

Source: EHESS^[5] and INSEE (1968-2017)^[6]

Notable residents

Bar-le-Duc was the birthplace of:

Jean de Lorraine (1498–1550), Cardinal de Lorraine, Bishop of Metz, Archbishop of Narbonne
Mary of Guise (1515–1560), queen consort of Scotland and mother of Mary, Queen of Scots
Francis, Duke of Guise (1519–1563), soldier and politician
Louis Joblot (1645–1723), mathematician and microscopist
Nicolas Oudinot (1767–1847), marshal of France
Jean-Joseph Regnault-Warin (1773–1844), writer, pamphleteer
Rémi Joseph Isidore Exelmans (1775–1852), marshal of France
Pierre Michaux (1813–1883) inventor
Edmond Laguerre (1834–1886), mathematician
Albert Cim (1845–1924), novelist, literary critic and bibliographer
Henri Poincaré (1854–1912), mathematician and physicist
Job (1858–1931), illustrator
Raymond Poincaré (1860–1934), statesman
Pierre de Bréville (1861–1944), composer
Lucien Poincaré (1862–1920), physicist
Pierre Camonin (1903–2003), canon and organist
Jean Dries (1905–1973), painter
Michel Bernard (born 1958), writer and senior official
Anaïs Delva (born 1986), singer and actress
Benjamin Compaoré (1987–), athlete

Other notable residents were:

Jean-François Jacqueminot (1787–1865), who established a great silk factory
Ernest Bradfer (1833–1882), who established a major iron works in the town.

Gallery

Saint-Étienne Church and the court house (right) on Saint-Pierre Square in Bar-le-Duc
Notre-Dame Bridge over the Ornain
Statue of Ernest Bradfer (1833–1882)