The year 1733 in science and technology involved some significant events.

• Rev. Stephen Hales publishes Hæmastaticks, the second volume of his Statical Essays, in London, containing the results of his experiments in measuring blood pressure.^[1]

• May 26 – The flying shuttle loom is patented by John Kay, making weaving faster and increasing demand for yarn.^[2]
• The perambulator or pram (a baby carriage) is invented by English architect William Kent for children of the 3rd Duke of Devonshire.
• The achromatic refracting lens is invented by English barrister Chester Moore Hall.

• Giovanni Gerolamo Saccheri studies what geometry would be like if the parallel postulate (Euclid's fifth) were false.
• Abraham de Moivre introduces the normal distribution to approximate the binomial distribution in probability.

• January 18 – Kaspar Friedrich Wolff, German surgeon and physiologist (died 1794)
• February 19 – Daniel Solander, Swedish botanist (died 1782)
• March 13 – Joseph Priestley, English chemist (died 1804)
• March 17 – Carsten Niebuhr, Danish cartographer, surveyor and traveller (died 1815)
• May 4 – Jean-Charles de Borda, French mathematician, physicist, political scientist, and sailor (died 1799)
• May 22 – Alexander Monro, Scottish anatomist (died 1817)
• July 27 – Jeremiah Dixon, English surveyor and astronomer (died 1779)

• June 23 – Johann Jakob Scheuchzer, Swiss natural historian (born 1672)