Events from the year 1665 in England.

• Monarch – Charles II

• 4 March – beginning of the Second Anglo-Dutch War.^[1]
• 6 March – the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London begins publication, the first scientific journal in English and the oldest to be continuously published.
• 7 March – HMS London accidentally explodes in the Thames Estuary killing 300 with only 24 survivors.^[2]
• March – 15-year-old Nell Gwyn makes her first definitely recorded appearance as an actress on the London stage, in John Dryden's heroic drama The Indian Emperour, having previously been a theatre orange-seller.
• 12 April – the first recorded victim of the Great Plague of London dies. Over the summer it is thought to have spread as far as Derby and on 6 September the first plague death takes place in the Derbyshire village of Eyam.
• 19 May – Great Fire of Newport, Shropshire.
• 3 June (13 June N.S.) – Second Anglo-Dutch War: English naval victory at the Battle of Lowestoft.
• 12 June – the city of New Amsterdam in the Province of New York is reincorporated as New York, named after James, Duke of York, and the first Mayor appointed.
• 7 July – the King and court leave London to avoid the plague, moving first to Salisbury, then (from 25 September) Oxford.
• 2 August – Second Anglo-Dutch War: Dutch naval victory at the Battle of Vågen off Norway.
• 21 September – consecration of new chapel at Pembroke College, Cambridge, Christopher Wren's first completed work of architecture.
• 9 October – the Cavalier Parliament assembles in Oxford to avoid the Plague in London.^[1]
• 31 October – Parliament passes the Five Mile Act preventing non-conformist ministers from coming within five miles of incorporated towns or the place of their former livings.^[1]
• 7 November – The London Gazette begins publication as The Oxford Gazette.
• Great Fire of Rolvenden, Kent.
• Royal Navy Dockyard established at Sheerness for storage and refitting.

• John Bunyan's The Resurrection.
• Richard Head's The English Rogue.
• Robert Hooke's Micrographia.

• 6 February – Anne, Queen of Great Britain (died 1714)
• March – Sir William Strickland, 3rd Baronet, Member of Parliament (died 1724)
• 1 May – John Woodward, naturalist (died 1728)
• 27 August – John Hervey, 1st Earl of Bristol, politician (died 1751)
• September – Sir Thomas Frankland, 2nd Baronet, Member of Parliament (died 1726)
• 5 November – Sir William Brownlow, 4th Baronet, Member of Parliament (died 1701)
• 28 December – George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland, general, illegitimate son of Charles II (died 1716)
• William Cowper, 1st Earl Cowper, Lord Chancellor (died 1723)
• Charles Gildon, writer (died 1724)
• Benjamin Johnson, actor (died 1742)

• 9 March – Thomas Wentworth, 5th Baron Wentworth, soldier and politician (born 1612)
• 3 June – Charles Weston, 3rd Earl of Portland (born 1639)
• 18 July (bur.) – Elizabeth Stanhope, Countess of Chesterfield (born 1640)
• 11 July – Kenelm Digby, privateer (born 1603)
• 25 August – Charles Seymour, 2nd Baron Seymour of Trowbridge (born c. 1621)
• 17 November – John Earle, bishop (born c. 1601)
• 19 November (bur.) – Elizabeth Cromwell, Lady Protectress (born 1598)
• Walter Acton, Member of Parliament (born c. 1620)