Events from the 1510s in England.

• Monarch – Henry VIII
• Regent – Catherine, Queen Consort (starting 30 June, until 22 October 1513)^[1]

• 1510
  • c. January – Erasmus begins his period of residence in Cambridge.^[2]
  • 21 January – Parliament grants Henry VIII generous tax subsidies.^[3]
  • 31 January – Catherine of Aragon miscarries her first child, a daughter, at about six months gestation; told she is still carrying a twin, she prepares for a birth in March–April but there is no child.^[4]
  • 17 August – Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley executed for "constructive treason".^[3]
• 1511
  • 1 January – Catherine of Aragon gives birth to Henry VIII's eldest son, Henry, Duke of Cornwall, at Richmond Palace but he dies on 22 February.
  • 9 April – St John's College, Cambridge, receives its charter.
  • July – Henry VIII's flagship the Mary Rose launched at Portsmouth.
  • 13 November – War of the League of Cambrai: Henry joins the Holy League against France.^[5]
  • 17 November – the Treaty of Westminster signed between England and Spain forming an alliance against France.^[5]
  • Archery Act 1511 (3 Hen. 8. c. 3) attempts to ensure competence in use of the English longbow by most adult males.
  • Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, begins reconstruction of Thornbury Castle in South Gloucestershire as a residence.
  • Major fire at Sherston, Wiltshire.
• 1512
  • February – following Strode's case – that of Member of Parliament Richard Strode imprisoned by a stannary court due to his attempts to introduce a bill alleviating the harsh conditions of tin miners – Parliament passes an act granting MPs immunity from such prosecutions.^[6]
  • March – Parliament authorises a new poll tax to pay for the War of the League of Cambrai.^[3]
  • 10 August – War of the League of Cambrai: the English fleet, commanded by Admiral Sir Edward Howard, secures victory at the Battle of Saint-Mathieu over the French-Breton fleet, though with loss of its flagship, the Regent, through explosion.
  • Woolwich Dockyard established for the Royal Navy.
  • Boys aged from 7 upwards are required to be instructed in archery.^[7]
  • Wolverhampton Grammar School is founded by Sir Stephen Jenyns.
• 1513
  • 5 April – Treaty of Mechlin signed by Henry, Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand II of Aragon and Pope Leo X against France.^[5]
  • 30 April – execution of Edmund de la Pole, 3rd Duke of Suffolk.
  • 11 June – Henry appoints Catherine of Aragon as Regent, Governor and Captain General in England while he campaigns in France.^[8]
  • July – War of the League of Cambrai: Scotland declares war on England,^[5] in breach of the Treaty of Perpetual Peace.
  • 16 August – War of the League of Cambrai: Henry VIII leads his troops to victory over French cavalry at the Battle of the Spurs (Second Battle of Guinegate) in Artois.^[5]
  • 9 September – War of the League of Cambrai: at the Battle of Flodden, King James IV of Scotland is defeated and killed by an English army under Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey.^[5] Catherine of Aragon learns of this victory while near Buckingham, having ridden north from London to address a speech of encouragement to troops gathering to march to Scotland.
  • c. 17 September – Catherine of Aragon delivers a son who either miscarries, is stillborn or lives only a few hours.^[9]
  • 24 September – War of the League of Cambrai: the city of Tournai surrenders to England.^[5]
  • Deptford Dockyard established for the Royal Navy.
• 1514
  • April – Henry VIII declares a truce with France in the War of the League of Cambrai.^[5]
  • 20 May – Trinity House is established as a guild of mariners at Deptford to regulate pilotage.^[5]
  • June – Battle of Hornshole in the Scottish Borders: young men from Hawick defeat a raiding party from England.^[10]
  • 13 June – Henry Grace à Dieu, at over 1,000 tons the largest warship in the world at this time, built at the new Woolwich Dockyard, is dedicated at Erith.^[3][11][12]
  • 7 August – Henry VIII concludes an independent peace treaty with France in the War of the League of Cambrai, negotiated by Thomas Wolsey.
  • 15 September – Thomas Wolsey is appointed Archbishop of York^[5] and begins to build York House in London.^[3]
  • 9 October – marriage of Louis XII of France and Mary Tudor (sister of Henry VIII) as part of the peace with France.^[5]
  • November/December – Catherine of Aragon delivers a stillborn son of Henry VIII.^[13]
• 1515
  • 2 July – Manchester Grammar School endowed by Hugh Oldham, the first free grammar school in England.
  • 10 September – Thomas Wolsey is invested as a Cardinal (Catholic Church).^[5]
  • 24 December – Wolsey is named the Lord Chancellor.^[5]
  • Wolsey commissions the rebuilding of Hampton Court Palace.^[5]
  • Structural completion of King's College Chapel, Cambridge.^[14]
• 1516
  • Gillingham School founded in Dorset.
  • c. December – Thomas More's Utopia is first published (in Latin at Leuven).^[3]
• 1517
  • 1 March – Corpus Christi College, Oxford, established by Richard Foxe.^[5]
  • 1 May – Evil May Day riots in London against foreigners.^[5]
  • A third epidemic of sweating sickness hits Oxford and Cambridge.
• 1516
  • 18 February – Catherine of Aragon gives birth to the King's daughter, who will become queen regnant Mary I of England, at the Palace of Placentia, Greenwich.^[15]
  • August – construction of the Manchester Grammar School is completed.
  • 23 September – Royal College of Physicians founded in London.^[5]
  • 3 October – Cardinal Wolsey's Treaty of London is signed by France, England, the Holy Roman Empire, the Papacy, Spain, Burgundy and the Netherlands allying the European powers against the Ottoman Empire.^[5]
• 1519
  • May – Henry VIII stands as a candidate in the election of the Holy Roman Emperor.^[5]
  • 15 May – official opening of Saint George's Chapel at Windsor Castle.^[3]
  • Henry VII's Chapel at Westminster Abbey completed.^[3]

• 1510
  • 6 October
    • John Caius, physician (died 1573)
    • Rowland Taylor, Protestant martyr (died 1555)
  • 28 December – Nicholas Bacon, Lord Keeper (died 1579)
• 1511
  • 1 January – Henry, Duke of Cornwall, eldest son of Henry VIII of England (died 22 February)
• 1512
  • August ? – Catherine Parr, queen consort (died 1548)
  • Edward Clinton, 1st Earl of Lincoln, admiral (died 1585)
• 1513
  • 23 December – Thomas Smith, scholar and diplomat (died 1577)
  • Elizabeth Seymour, sister-in-law of Henry VIII (died 1563)
  • Thomas Watson, Catholic bishop (died 1584)
• 1514
  • 16 June – John Cheke, classical scholar and statesman (died 1557)
• 1515
  • 15 June – Anne Herbert, Countess of Pembroke, born Anne Parr (died 1552)
  • 22 September – Anne of Cleves, German-born fourth queen of Henry VIII (died 1557)
  • 8 October – Margaret Douglas, member of the royal family, diplomat (died 1578)
  • approx. date
    • Roger Ascham, scholar and didactic writer (died 1568)
    • William Baldwin, writer, editor and theatrical director (died c.1563)
    • Leonard Digges, mathematician and surveyor (died c.1559)
    • Thomas Seckford, lawyer and royal court official (died 1587)
• 1516
  • 18 February – Queen Mary I of England (died 1558)^[15]
  • approx. date – Laurence Nowell, antiquarian (died 1571)
• 1517
  • 17 January – Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk, politician and courtier (executed 1554)
  • 16 July – Frances Grey, Duchess of Suffolk, granddaughter of Henry VII (died 1559)
  • approx. date – Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, aristocrat and poet (executed 1547)
• 1518
  • approx. date – Edmund Plowden, legal scholar (died 1585)
• 1519
  • c. 15 June – Henry FitzRoy, Duke of Richmond and Somerset, illegitimate son of Henry VIII (died 1536)
  • approx. date
    • Thomas Gresham, merchant and financier (died 1579)
    • Nicholas Grimald, poet (died 1562)
    • Edwin Sandys, bishop (died 1588)

• 1510
  • 17 August
    • Edmund Dudley, statesman, executed (born c. 1462 or 1471/2)
    • Richard Empson, statesman, executed (year of birth unknown)
• 1511
  • 11 February – Henry, Duke of Cornwall, eldest son of Henry VIII of England (born 1 January)
• 1513
  • 10 March – John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford, general (born 1443)
  • 30 April – Edmund de la Pole, 3rd Duke of Suffolk, executed (born c. 1471)
  • 27 October – George Manners, 11th Baron Ros, nobleman (year of birth unknown)
  • Robert Fabyan, chronicler (year of birth unknown)
• 1514
  • 2 January – William Smyth, bishop and statesman (born 1460)
  • December – Henry, Duke of Cornwall, third son of Henry VIII of England (stillborn)
• 1516
  • 25 April – John Yonge, diplomat (born 1467)
• 1518
  • 20 November – Marmaduke Constable, soldier (born c. 1455)
• 1519
  • 10 September – John Colet, churchman and educator (born 1467)
  • William Grocyn, scholar (born 1446)