119th United States Congress
| 119th United States Congress | |
|---|---|
118th ← → 120th | |
 United States Capitol (2023) | |
January 3, 2025 – present | |
| Members | 100 senators 435 representatives 6 non-voting delegates |
| Senate majority | Republican |
| Senate President | Kamala Harris (D) (until January 20, 2025) JD Vance (R) (from January 20, 2025) |
| House majority | Republican |
| House Speaker | Mike Johnson (R) |
| Sessions | |
| 1st: January 3, 2025 – present | |
The 119th United States Congress is the current term of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It convened on January 3, 2025, during the final 17 days of Joe Biden's presidency, and will end in 2027. It will meet during the first two years of Donald Trump's second presidency.
Following the 2024 elections, the Republican Party retained its slim majority in the House, won the majority in the Senate, and upon Trump's second inauguration on January 20, 2025, will have an overall federal government trifecta for the first time since the 115th Congress in 2017, which was in session during Trump's first term.
The 119th Congress features the slimmest majority in the House for any party since the 72nd Congress in 1931, and the first openly transgender member of Congress in history (Representative Sarah McBride of Delaware).[1][2]
History
In the 2024 elections, the Republican Party retained control of the House of Representatives and gained control of the Senate, while Republican nominee Donald Trump won the presidential elections, securing a second non-consecutive term.[3] The results of the election were attributed to economic conditions of voters and concerns over immigration, particularly the Mexico–United States border crisis.[4][5][6][7]
The Senate flipped to a 53–47 Republican majority and in their leadership elections, John Thune was elected as successor to Mitch McConnell after 18 years.[8][9]
The House assumed a 220–215 Republican majority, the narrowest controlling majority since the 65th Congress.[10] Mike Johnson was re-elected as speaker on the first ballot after initially not receiving enough votes on the roll call, with the vote remaining open until enough members changed votes to support him.[11]
There was a peaceful joint session to count the presidential Electoral College votes, four years after the January 6 Capitol attack, in which supporters of Trump entered the Capitol and disrupted Joe Biden's certification as president. In response to the attack and Trump's efforts to overturn the 2020 election, Congress has passed revisions to the Electoral Count Act that clarified the vice president cannot alter the results.[12] The following day, the House passed the Laken Riley Act, a bill that would authorize the government to deport illegal immigrants charged with burglary and theft, and enable states to sue the federal government for failing to enforce immigration laws.[13]
Major legislation
Proposed (but not enacted)
- H.R. 23: Illegitimate Court Counteraction Act (passed House, pending before the Senate as of January 17, 2025)
- H.R. 29: Laken Riley Act (passed House, pending before the Senate as of January 17, 2025)
Major resolutions
Adopted
- H.Res. 5: Setting the Rules of the House this Congress, with changes from the previous Congress.
- S.Con.Res. 3: Allowing the Capitol rotunda to be used for Jimmy Carter's lying in state.
Proposed
- H.Res. 24: Expunging the first impeachment of Donald Trump.
- H.Res. 25: Expunging the second impeachment of Donald Trump.
Party summary
- Resignations and new members are discussed in the "Changes in membership" section:
Senate party summary
|
| Party (shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Independent[a] | Republican | |||
| End of previous Congress | 47 | 4 | 49 | 100 | 0 |
| Begin (January 3, 2025)[b] | 45 | 2 | 52 | 99 | 1 |
| January 10, 2025[c] | 51 | 98 | 2 | ||
| January 14, 2025[d] | 52 | 99 | 1 | ||
| Current voting share | 47.5% | 52.5% | |||
House party summary
|
| Party (shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Republican | |||
| End of previous Congress | 210 | 219 | 429 | 6 |
| Begin (January 3, 2025)[e] | 215 | 219 | 434 | 1 |
| Current voting share | 49.5% | 50.5% | ||
| Non-voting members | 3[f] | 3 | 6 | 0 |
Leadership
Note: Democrats refer to themselves as a "caucus"; Republicans refer to themselves as a "conference".
Senate leadership
Senate Presidents
Kamala Harris (D),
until January 20, 2025
until January 20, 2025
JD Vance (R),
starting January 20, 2025
starting January 20, 2025
President pro tempore
Chuck Grassley (R)
Chuck Grassley (R)
Senate presiding officers
- President:
- Kamala Harris (D) – until January 20, 2025
- JD Vance (R) – starting January 20, 2025
- President pro tempore: Chuck Grassley (R)
Senate Majority (Republican) leadership
- Majority Leader: John Thune (SD)[17]
- Majority Whip: John Barrasso (WY)
- Chair of the Senate Republican Conference: Tom Cotton (AR)
- Chair of the Senate Republican Policy Committee: Shelley Moore Capito (WV)
- Vice Chair of the Senate Republican Conference: James Lankford (OK)
- Chair of the National Republican Senatorial Committee: Tim Scott (SC)
- Chair of the Senate Republican Steering Committee: Rick Scott (FL)[18]
- Chief Deputy Whip: Mike Crapo (ID)[19]
Senate Minority (Democratic) leadership
- Minority Leader and Chair of the Senate Democratic Caucus: Chuck Schumer (NY)[20][21]
- Minority Whip: Dick Durbin (IL)
- Chair of the Senate Democratic Steering and Policy Committee: Amy Klobuchar (MN)
- Chair of the Strategic Communications Committee: Cory Booker (NJ)
- Vice Chairs of the Senate Democratic Caucus: Elizabeth Warren (MA) and Mark Warner (VA)
- Chair of the Senate Democratic Outreach Committee: Bernie Sanders (VT)
- Secretary of the Senate Democratic Caucus: Tammy Baldwin (WI)
- Chair of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee: Kirsten Gillibrand (NY)[22]
- Vice Chair of the Senate Democratic Outreach Committee: Catherine Cortez Masto (NV)
- Deputy Secretaries of the Senate Democratic Caucus: Brian Schatz (HI) and Chris Murphy (CT)
- Vice Chair of the Senate Democratic Steering and Policy Committee: Jeanne Shaheen (NH)[23]
- Vice Chair of the Strategic Communications Committee: Tina Smith (MN)[24]
- Chief Deputy Whip: Brian Schatz (HI)[25]
- President pro tempore emerita: Patty Murray (WA)
House leadership
Speaker of the House
Mike Johnson (R)
Mike Johnson (R)
House presiding officer
- Speaker: Mike Johnson (R)
House Majority (Republican) leadership
- Majority Leader: Steve Scalise (LA 1)[26]
- Majority Whip: Tom Emmer (MN 6)
- Chair of the House Republican Conference: Lisa McClain (MI 9)
- Chair of the National Republican Congressional Committee: Richard Hudson (NC 9)
- Chair of the House Republican Policy Committee: Kevin Hern (OK 1)
- Vice Chair of the House Republican Conference: Blake Moore (UT 1)
- Secretary of the House Republican Conference: Erin Houchin (IN 9)
- Chief Deputy Whip: Guy Reschenthaler (PA 14)
- Sophomore Elected Leadership Committee Representative: Russell Fry (SC 7)
- Freshman Elected Leadership Committee Representative: Riley Moore (WV 2)
House Minority (Democratic) leadership
- Minority Leader and Chair of the House Democratic Steering and Policy Committee: Hakeem Jeffries (NY 8)[27]
- Minority Whip: Katherine Clark (MA 5)
- Chair of the House Democratic Caucus: Pete Aguilar (CA 33)
- Assistant Democratic Leader: Joe Neguse (CO 2)
- Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus: Ted Lieu (CA 36)
- Chair of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee: Suzan DelBene (WA 1)
- Chair of the House Democratic Policy and Communications Committee: Debbie Dingell (MI 6)
- Co-Chairs of the House Democratic Policy and Communications Committee: Maxwell Frost (FL 10), Lori Trahan (MA 3), and Lauren Underwood (IL 14)
- Junior Caucus Leadership Representative: Robert Garcia (CA 42)
- Battleground Leadership Representative: Susie Lee (NV 3)
- Freshman Class Leadership Representative: Luz Rivas (CA 29)
- Co-Chairs of the House Democratic Steering and Policy Committee: Nanette Barragán (CA 44), Robin Kelly (IL 2), and Debbie Wasserman Schultz (FL 25)
- Speaker emerita: Nancy Pelosi (CA 11)
Members
Senate membership
The numbers refer to their Senate classes. All class 1 seats were contested in the November 2024 elections. In this Congress, class 1 means their term commenced in the current Congress, requiring re-election in 2030; class 2 means their term ends with this Congress, requiring re-election in 2026; and class 3 means their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 2028.
House membership
All seats were filled by election in November 2024.
Changes in membership
Senate membership changes
| State (class) |
Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation[l] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| West Virginia (1) |
Vacant | Senator-elect chose to wait until finishing his term as Governor of West Virginia before taking his seat.[29] | Jim Justice (R) |
January 14, 2025 |
| Ohio (3) |
JD Vance (R) |
Incumbent resigned on January 10, 2025, to become Vice President of the United States.[30][31] Successor will be appointed to continue the term until a special election is held in 2026.[32] |
Jon Husted (R) |
House membership changes
| District | Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation[l] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Florida 1 | Vacant | Matt Gaetz (R) declined to take office after being re-elected.[33] A special election will be held on April 1, 2025. |
||
| Florida 6 | Michael Waltz (R) |
Incumbent will resign January 20, 2025, to become National Security Advisor.[34][35] A special election will be held on April 1, 2025. |
Committees
Senate committees
House committees
Joint committees
| Committee | Chair | Vice Chair | Ranking Member | Vice Ranking Member |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic | Rep. David Schweikert (R-AZ) | Sen. Eric Schmitt (R-MO) | Sen. Maggie Hassan (D-NH) | Rep. Don Beyer (D-VA) |
| Inaugural Ceremonies (Special) Until January 20, 2025 |
Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) | Rep. Mike Johnson (R-LA) | Rep. Hakeem Jeffries (D-NY) | Sen. Deb Fischer (R-NE) |
| Library | Rep. Bryan Steil (R-WI) | Sen. Mitch McConnell (R-KY) | Sen. Alex Padilla (D-CA) | Rep. Joe Morelle (D-NY) |
| Printing | Sen. Mitch McConnell (R-KY) | Rep. Bryan Steil (R-WI) | Rep. Joe Morelle (D-NY) | Sen. Alex Padilla (D-CA) |
| Taxation[m] | Rep. Jason Smith (R-MO) | Sen. Mike Crapo (R-ID) | Sen. Ron Wyden (D-OR) | Rep. Richard Neal (D-MA) |
Senior staff
- Officers
- Architect of the Capitol: Thomas Austin
- Attending Physician: Brian P. Monahan
- Organizations
- Capitol Police: J. Thomas Manger
- Congressional Budget Office: Phillip Swagel
- Government Accountability Office: Gene Dodaro
- Government Printing Office: Hugh Halpern
- Library of Congress: Carla Hayden
- Congressional Research Service: Karen Donfried
- Copyright Office: Shira Perlmutter
- Federal Research Division: Annie Rorem
- Law Library of Congress: Aslihan Bulut
Senate senior staff
- Officers
- Secretary: Jackie Barber
- Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper: Jennifer Hemingway
- Parliamentarian: Elizabeth MacDonough
- Party Secretary for the Majority: Robert Duncan (R)
- Party Secretary for the Minority: Gary B. Myrick (D)
- Chaplain: Barry Black
- Officials
House senior staff
- Officers
- Chaplain: Margaret G. Kibben
- Chief Administrative Officer: Catherine Szpindor
- Clerk: Kevin McCumber
- Sergeant at Arms: William McFarland
- Officials
- General Counsel: Matthew Berry
- Historian: Matthew Wasniewski
- Inspector General: Joseph Picolla
- Parliamentarian: Jason Smith
- Reading Clerks: Susan Cole (R) and Tylease Alli (D)
- Organizations
- Office of Congressional Conduct: Omar Ashmawy
- Office of Interparliamentary Affairs: Kate Knudson
- Office of the Law Revision Counsel: Ralph Seep
- Office of the Legislative Counsel: Warren Burke
- Office of the Whistleblower Ombuds: Shanna Devine
- Office of Congressional Workplace Rights: Martin Crane
Elections
- 2024 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
- 2026 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
Notes
- ^ All self-identified independents caucus with the Democrats.
- ^ In West Virginia: Senator-elect Jim Justice (R) delayed taking his seat until January 14, 2025, to finish his term as Governor of West Virginia.[14]
- ^ a b In Ohio: JD Vance (R) resigned on January 10, 2025, to become Vice President of the United States.[15] An appointment to fill the vacancy is pending.
- ^ a b In West Virginia: Senator Jim Justice (R) took office on January 14, 2025, after finishing his term as Governor of West Virginia.
- ^ a b In Florida's 1st district: Matt Gaetz (R) resigned during the previous Congress after winning re-election and chose not to take office in the 119th Congress. A special election will be held on April 1, 2025.[16]
- ^ Includes a Popular Democratic Party member who is also affiliated as a Democrat.
- ^ Marco Rubio was nominated by Donald Trump to become United States Secretary of State in his second term. If confirmed, he will vacate his Senate seat and governor Ron DeSantis will appoint an interim successor.
- ^ a b c d e f The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) is the Minnesota affiliate of the U.S. Democratic Party and its members are counted as Democrats.
- ^ In December 2024, Spartz announced she would not join caucus meetings of the House Republican Conference. She remains a member of the Republican Party.[28]
- ^ Elise Stefanik was nominated by Donald Trump to become United States Ambassador to the United Nations in his second term. If confirmed, she will resign her seat, and a special election will be held TBD.
- ^ Puerto Rico's non-voting member, the Resident Commissioner, is elected every four years. This is the only member of the House to serve four-year terms.
- ^ a b When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.
- ^ The Joint Taxation Committee leadership rotate the chair and vice chair and the ranking members between the House and Senate at the start of each session in the middle of the congressional term. The first session leadership is shown here.
References
- ^ Skelley, Geoffrey. "Republicans start 2025 with the smallest House majority since 1931". ABC News.com. Retrieved January 9, 2025.
- ^ "Delaware's Sarah McBride prepares to become first openly transgender member of Congress, hoping for grace - CBS Philadelphia". www.cbsnews.com. January 2, 2025. Retrieved January 3, 2025.
- ^ "Presidential Election Results: Trump Wins". The New York Times. November 5, 2024. Retrieved January 4, 2025.
- ^ Tankersley, Jim (January 4, 2025). "Democrats Got the Recovery They Wanted. It Wasn't Enough". The New York Times. Retrieved January 4, 2025.
- ^ Stein, Jeff; Bhattarai, Abha; Gowen, Annie (November 6, 2024). "Voter anger over economy boosts Trump in 2024, baffling Democrats". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 4, 2025.
- ^ Jordan, Miriam (November 6, 2024). "Voters Were Fed Up Over Immigration. They Voted for Trump". The New York Times. Retrieved January 4, 2025.
- ^ Ensign, Rachel; Wolfe, Rachel; Lahart, Justin (November 6, 2024). "How Trump Won the Economy-Is-Everything Election". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 4, 2025.
- ^ Everett, Burgess (January 5, 2025). "Mitch McConnell announces his exit as Senate GOP leader". Politico. Retrieved January 5, 2025.
- ^ Goodwin, Liz; Wells, Dylan; LeVine, Marianne (November 13, 2024). "Senate Republicans choose John Thune to replace Mitch McConnell as majority leader". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 5, 2025.
- ^ Edmondson, Catie (December 4, 2024). "Mike Johnson's Newest Headache: The Smallest House Majority in History". The New York Times. Retrieved January 5, 2024.
- ^ Edmondson, Catie (January 3, 2025). "Johnson Re-elected as Speaker After Putting Down G.O.P. Revolt". The New York Times. Retrieved January 6, 2025.
- ^ Peterson, Kristina; Stech Ferek, Katy; Martinez, Xavier (January 6, 2025). "Congress Certifies Trump's Election Win". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 6, 2025.
- ^ Demirjian, Karoun (January 7, 2025). "House Passes Bill to Deport Unauthorized Immigrants Charged With Minor Crimes". The New York Times. Retrieved January 7, 2025.
- ^ Altimari, Daniela (December 27, 2024). "Jim Justice to Delay Senate Swearing-In to Avert Knotty Succession in West Virginia". Roll Call. Retrieved January 9, 2025.
- ^ Maher, Kit (January 9, 2025). "Vance Resigning Senate Seat Effective at Midnight". CNN. Retrieved January 9, 2025.
- ^ Shabad, Rebecca (November 22, 2024). "Matt Gaetz Says He Doesn't Plan to Rejoin Congress after Withdrawing as Trump's Pick for Attorney General". NBC News. Archived from the original on November 22, 2024. Retrieved November 12, 2024.
- ^ "Thune elected to replace McConnell as next Senate GOP leader". Roll Call. Archived from the original on November 19, 2024. Retrieved November 13, 2024.
- ^ Carney, Jordain (January 15, 2025). "Scott to Lead Senate Conservative Group". Retrieved January 15, 2025.
- ^ "Barrasso Announces Deputy Whip Team". Sen. John Barrasso. January 7, 2025. Retrieved January 16, 2025.
- ^ King, Ryan (December 3, 2024). "Chuck Schumer unanimously reelected Senate Dem leader". Retrieved December 3, 2024.
- ^ "Schumer reelected as Senate Democratic leader". POLITICO. December 3, 2024. Retrieved December 3, 2024.
- ^ Perano, Ursula (January 6, 2025). "Gillibrand to Chair Senate Democrats' Campaign Arm for 2026 Cycle". Politico. Retrieved January 15, 2025.
- ^ "Democratic Steering & Policy Committee". Democratic Steering & Policy Committee. Retrieved January 5, 2025.
- ^ "Democratic Strategic Communications Committee". Democratic Strategic Communications Committee. Retrieved January 5, 2025.
- ^ "Durbin Announces Senate Democratic Whip Operations For 119th Congress". Dick Durbin United States Senator Illinois Newsroom. December 4, 2024. Retrieved December 9, 2024.
- ^ "House GOP nominates Johnson for speaker, taps McClain for conference chair". Roll Call. Archived from the original on November 20, 2024. Retrieved November 13, 2024.
- ^ "House Democrats hold low-fuss leadership elections". Roll Call. Archived from the original on November 21, 2024. Retrieved November 19, 2024.
- ^ Kelly, Niki (December 17, 2024). "Spartz to boycott committees, GOP caucus". indianacapitalchronicle.com.
- ^ Carney, Jordain (December 26, 2024). "Justice's Senate plan". Politico. Retrieved December 30, 2024.
- ^ "JD Vance elected Vice President". CNN. November 6, 2024. Archived from the original on November 6, 2024. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
- ^ Maher, Kit (January 9, 2025). "Vance resigning Senate seat effective at midnight". CNN. Retrieved January 9, 2025.
- ^ "Replacing Vance in Senate will be DeWine's decision". The Review. Archived from the original on November 27, 2024. Retrieved November 18, 2024.
- ^ McIntire, Mary Ellen (November 22, 2024). "Matt Gaetz says he won't return to Congress next year". Roll Call. Archived from the original on November 23, 2024. Retrieved November 23, 2024.
- ^ Faguy, Ana (November 11, 2024). "Trump taps Michael Waltz as next US national security adviser". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
- ^ Brooks, Emily (November 25, 2024). "Mike Waltz to Resign from House Day of Inauguration to Join Trump Administration". The Hill. Archived from the original on November 26, 2024. Retrieved November 26, 2024.