Petrini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Bartolommeo Petrini (1642–1664), Italian painter of the late-Baroque period
• Carlo Petrini (born 1949), Italian activist and founder of the international Slow Food movement
• Carlo Petrini (scientist) (born 1965), Italian scientist and senior researcher at the Italian National Institute of Health
• Carlo Petrini (footballer) (1948–2012), Italian football player and coach
• Elena Maria Petrini, Italian triathlete and 2010 aquathlon world champion
• Francesco Petrini (1744–1819), harpist and composer
• Giuseppe Petrini, Italian composer
• Giuseppe Antonio Petrini (1677– c. 1755), Swiss painter of the late-Baroque, active mainly in Lugano
• Gulli Petrini (1867–1941), Swedish Physicist, writer, suffragette, women's rights activist and politician
• Henrik Petrini (1863–1957), Swedish mathematician
• Hilda Petrini (1838–1895), Swedish clock maker of Italian descent
• Raffaella Petrini (born 1969), Italian religious sister