Nishio (written: 西尾) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Akira Nishio (西尾 明, born 1979), Japanese shogi player
• Daisuke Nishio (西尾 大介, born 1959), Japanese animator and director
• Etsuko Nishio (西尾 悦子, born 1973), Japanese singer, actress and model
• Hiroshi Nishio (西尾 孔志, born 1974), Japanese film director, animator and writer
• Kanji Nishio (西尾 幹二, born 1935), Japanese academic
• Linda Nishio (born 1952), Japanese-American artist
• Mari Nishio (西尾 まり, born 1974), Japanese actress
• Masanori Nishio (西尾 正範, born 1949), Japanese politician
• Ryuya Nishio (西尾 隆矢, born 2001), Japanese footballer
• Shoji Nishio (西尾 昭二, 1927–2005), Japanese aikidoka
• Shojiro Nishio (西尾 章治郎), Japanese computer scientist
• Nishio Tadaatsu (西尾 忠篤, 1850–1910), Japanese daimyō
• Nishio Tadakata (西尾 忠固, 1811–1857), Japanese daimyō
• Nishio Tadamitsu (西尾 忠需, 1716–1760), Japanese daimyō
• Nishio Tadanao (西尾 忠尚, 1689–1760), Japanese daimyō
• Nishio Tadanari (西尾 忠成, 1653–1713), Japanese daimyō
• Nishio Tadasaka (西尾 忠受, 1821–1861), Japanese daimyō
• Nishio Tadateru (西尾 忠照, 1613–1654), Japanese daimyō
• Nishio Tadayoshi (西尾 忠善, 1768–1831), Japanese daimyō
• Nishio Tadayuki (西尾 忠移, 1749–1801), Japanese daimyō
• Tetsuya Nishio (西尾 鉄也, born 1968), Japanese animator and character designer
• Toku Nishio (西尾 徳, 1939–2005), Japanese actor and voice actor
• Toshizō Nishio (西尾 寿造, 1881–1960), Japanese general