Lang is a surname of Germanic origin, closely related to Lange, Laing and Long, all of which mean "tall".

• Gary Lang, choreographer and dancer, director of NT Dance Company
• Jack Lang (1876–1975), politician
• Jeff Lang (born 1969), songwriter, singer and slide guitarist
• John Lang (1816–1864), was said to be the first Australian-born novelist
• John Lang (born 1950), coach and former player of rugby league in Australia
• John Dunmore Lang (1799–1878), publicist and politician
• Martin Lang (rugby league), Australian rugby league player

• Ádám Lang (born 1993), Hungarian footballer
• Adolf Lang (1848–1913), Hungarian-German architect
• Alexander Lang (1941-2024), German actor and stage director
• Andrew Lang (1844–1912), Scottish philologist and translator of folk and fairy tales
• Anton Lang (1875–1938), German potter and actor
• Archibald Lang (fl. 1880), Scottish international football player
• Arnold Lang (1855-1914), Swiss naturalist
• Belinda Lang (born 1955), English actress
• Bernhard Lang (born 1957), Austrian composer
• Cosmo Lang (1864–1945), Archbishop of Canterbury
• Craig Sellar Lang (1891–1971), British-domiciled organist, music teacher, and composer
• Czesław Lang (born 1955), Polish road racing cyclist and Tour de Pologne director
• David Marshall Lang (1924–1991), British historian
• Don Lang (musician) (1925–1992), English singer
• Eva Lang (born 1947), German economist
• Franzl Lang (1930-2015), German yodeler and singer
• Fritz Lang (1890–1976), Austrian film director
• Gerhard Lang (1924-2016), German botanist
• Harold Lang (British actor) (1923-1970), British actor
• Hedi Lang (1931–2004), Swiss politician
• Hermann Lang (1909–1987), German race car driver
• Ian Lang (born 1940), Scottish politician
• István Láng, (1933–2023), Hungarian composer
• István Lang (born 1933), Hungarian cyclist
• Ivana Lang (1912–1982), Croatian composer, pianist and piano teacher
• Jack Lang (born 1939), French politician
• Josephine Lang (1815–1880), German composer
• Júlia Láng (born 2003), Hungarian figure skater
• Julia Lang (actress) (1921–2010), British actress and radio presenter
• Karel Lang, Czech ice hockey player
• Karl Georg Herman Lang (1901–1976), Swedish naturalist
• Karl Nikolaus Lang (1670–1741), Swiss physician and naturalist
• Kirsty Lang (born 1962), British broadcaster and journalist
• Klaus Lang (born 1971), Austrian composer
• Leonora Blanche Lang (1851–1933), English author, editor, and translator
• Maria Lang, the pen name for Swedish crime novel writer Dagmar Lange (1914–1991)
• Noa Lang, Dutch soccer player
• Peter Lang, Swiss publisher; see Peter Lang (publishing company)
• Prof Peter Redford Scott Lang FRSE (1850–1926) Scottish mathematician
• Rein Lang (born 1957), Estonian politician
• Ricarda Lang (born 1994), German politician
• Rikard Lang (1913–1994), Croatian university professor, lawyer and economist
• Robert Lang (actor) (1934–2004), English actor
• Robert Lang (ice hockey) (born 1970), professional ice hockey player
• Sebastian Lang (born 1979), German professional road cyclist
• Serge Lang (1927–2005), mathematician and activist
• Serge Lang (skiing) (1920–1999), French journalist who founded the alpine skiing World Cup
• Slobodan Lang (1945–2016), Croatian physician and politician
• Steven Lang (footballer) (born 1987), Swiss football midfielder
• Thomas Lang (born 1969), musician and drummer
• Thomas Lang (singer), English singer and songwriter
• Valérie Lang (1966–2013), French actress
• Werner Lang (1922–2013), German engineer
• Zsolt Láng (born 1973), Hungarian politician

• Amanda Lang (born 1970), Canadian journalist
• Andrew Lang, (born 1966), American basketball player
• Annie Traquair Lang (1885–1918), American impressionist painter
• Anton Lang (1913–1996), American natural scientist
• Archie Lang, Canadian politician
• Ben Lang (1870–1960), American politician
• Berel Lang, American historian and author
• Cody Lang (born 1993), American soccer player
• David Lang (1838–1917), Confederate States Army officer during the American Civil War
• David Lang (born 1957), American composer, Pulitzer Prize winner
• David Lang (1967–2005), football running back in the National Football League
• D.L. Lang (born 1983), American poet
• Eddie Lang (1902–1933), American jazz guitarist
• Eric M. Lang, Canadian game designer
• Eugene Lang (1919–2017), American businessman and philanthropist
• Glen Lang, American businessman and politician
• Harold Lang (dancer) (1920–1985), American ballet dancer
• Harry E. Lang (1894–1953), American actor
• John Lang (1839–1921), political figure and farmer in Ontario
• John Lang (1794–?), United States Navy sailor
• John H. Lang (1899–1970), United States Navy officer
• Jonny Lang (born 1981), American blues guitarist
• Kara Lang (born 1986), Canadian female soccer player
• Karen Lang, American mayor
• Katherine Kelly Lang (born 1961), American actress
• k.d. lang (born 1961), Canadian singer-songwriter
• Kris Lang (born 1979), American basketball player
• Lex Lang (born 1965), American voice actor
• Lorraine Lang (born 1956), Canadian curler
• Lucy Robins Lang (1884–1962), American labor activist
• Margie Lang (1924–2007), All-American Girls Professional Baseball League player
• Martin Lang (born 1949), American Olympic fencer
• Michael Lang (musician) (1941–2022), American pianist and composer
• Michelle Lang (1975–2009), Canadian journalist
• Otto Lang (born 1932), Canadian politician
• Pearl Lang (1921–2009), American dancer and choreographer
• Perry Lang (born 1959), American director, writer, and actor
• Phil Lang (1929–2024), American politician, member of the Oregon House of Representatives
• Rick Lang (born 1953), Canadian curler
• Robert J. Lang (born 1961), American origami artist and theorist
• Sonja Lang (born 1978), Canadian linguist and inventor of Toki Pona
• Stephen Lang (born 1952), American film and theater actor
• Steve Lang (1949–2017), Canadian rock bassist
• Violet Ranney Lang (1924–1956), American poet and playwright
• Will Lang Jr. (1914–1968), American journalist
• W. Patrick Lang (1940–2023), United States Army officer

• Lang Hancock (1909–1992), Australian iron ore magnate
• Dao Lang, Chinese musician
• Shi Lang (1621–1696), Chinese admiral

• Adam Lang, a character in Robert Harris's novel The Ghost and its film adaptation.
• Cassandra Lang, Marvel Comics superheroine daughter of Scott Lang; member of the Young Avengers
• Charlie Lang, character in the film It Could Happen to You (1994 film)
• Clubber Lang, antagonist in the movie Rocky III
• Lana Lang from Superman stories
• San Lang (aka Hua Cheng), main character from the Chinese novel Heaven Official's Blessing
• Scott Lang, Marvel Comics superhero known as Ant-Man who was a member of the Avengers
• Shi-Long Lang, a character from Ace Attorney Investigations: Miles Edgeworth
• Sophie Lang, character in the films The Notorious Sophie Lang (1934), The Return of Sophie Lang (1936), and Sophie Lang Goes West (1937)
• Steven Lang (comics), Marvel Comics supervillain
• Penelope and Charles "Chaz" Lang, characters on TV show Atomic Betty

• Lange (surname)
• Langer
• Long (Western surname) (English form)
• Laing (surname)
• Liang, surname