Langbahn Team – Weltmeisterschaft

Kalehe Territory

Kalehe
Territory
Minova, Kalehe Territory
Minova, Kalehe Territory
Map
Map
Kalehe is located in Democratic Republic of the Congo
Kalehe
Kalehe
Coordinates: 02°06′15″S 28°27′30″E / 2.10417°S 28.45833°E / -2.10417; 28.45833
Country DR Congo
ProvinceSouth Kivu
SeatKalehe
Area
[1]
 • Total
5,057 km2 (1,953 sq mi)
Population
 (2016 est.)[1]
 • Total
933,181
 • Density180/km2 (480/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (CAT)
Official languageFrench
National languageSwahili

Kalehe Territory is a territory in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.[2][3][4] Covering an area of 5,057 square kilometers,[5] it is located northwest and northeast of the provincial capital, Bukavu,[3][6] and has a population of 933,181 as of 2016.[5] The territory is bordered by Idjwi Territory and Lake Kivu to the east,[5][6] Shabunda Territory and the Irhambi-Katana groupement of Kabare Territory to the west,[5][7][6] Mbinga Nord groupement, Goma and Masisi Territory to the north, and Kabare Territory, and Maniema Province to the south.[5][6]

Administratively, Kalehe Territory is divided into two chiefdoms: Buhavu and Buloho.[6][8][9] Buhavu Chiefdom, situated along the shores of Lake Kivu, consists of seven groupements and is the most populous, primarily inhabited by the Havu people, along with the Tembo, Rongeronge, Twa, Hutu, and Tutsi communities.[9][8][10] Buloho Chiefdom, traversed by National Road No. 3 linking Bukavu and Kisangani and passing through Kahuzi-Biéga National Park,[11] comprises eight groupements and has a similar ethnic composition, with the Baloho clan of the Tembo people being the dominant ethnic group.[10][12]

Geography

Location

Kalehe Territory is situated in the mountainous region of South Kivu Province, in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. It lies to the northwest and northeast of Bukavu, forming part of the region known as "Mountainous Kivu",[3][13] which separates the lowlands of the East African Rift Valley. This area constitutes the middle section of the Great East African Rift, extending 1,400 km in length with an average width of 40 km.[13] The rift valley is divided into three major zones, dominated by Lake Tanganyika in the south, Lake Kivu in the center, and Lake Edward in the north.[13] Kalehe Territory is among the territories linked to the Lake Kivu basin, along with Masisi, Nyiragongo, Idjwi, Kabare, Walungu, Uvira, and Fizi territories. These areas are characterized by high-altitude landscapes ranging from 1,500 to 2,200 meters.[13]

The territory shares its northern border with the city of Goma (through the Katiruzi Strait) and Masisi Territory, separated by the Chungiri River.[3][14] To the south, it borders Kabare Territory along the Nyawarongo River.[3] Its eastern boundary is defined by Lake Kivu, which extends for more than 86 km from north to south, forming a significant tectonic fault. To the west, it borders Shabunda Territory, as well as parts of Idjwi Territory and Irhambi-Katana groupement of Kabare Territory.[3][5][7][6] The eastern part of Kahuzi-Biéga National Park is located in Kalehe Territory.[15]

Climate

Kalehe Territory experiences a mountainous climate, with altitudes ranging from 1,300 to 2,000 meters.[3][5] It has two distinct seasons: a long rainy season lasting nine months (September to May) and a short dry season of three months (June to August).[3][5] Annual temperatures range between 18°C and 22°C, while precipitation varies from 1,300 to 1,680 mm per year. The highest peak in the territory is Mount Kahuzi, located in Buloho Chiefdom, rising to an altitude of 3,308 meters.[3][5][11]

Geology, vegetation and hydrology

The soil is predominantly clayey and highly fertile, making it suitable for agriculture and livestock farming. Before the outbreak of conflicts in the region, the high and middle plateaus were used for livestock breeding and food crop cultivation.[3][5] However, repeated First and Second Congo Wars since 1996 have led to significant losses in livestock due to looting, theft, and the destruction of farms.[3][5] The subsoil of Kalehe is rich in mineral resources, including gold, cassiterite, coltan, tungsten, quartz, muscovite, and tourmaline.[3][5][16]

The vegetation is primarily composed of forests, including bamboo and shrubs, though deforestation due to agriculture, charcoal production, firewood collection, timber harvesting, and mining activities has led to significant environmental degradation. Scattered afforestation efforts exist across the territory.[3][5][11]

Kalehe is also rich in water resources, with 12 main rivers, in addition to Lake Kivu.[3][5] The major rivers in the territory include Luhoho, Tchiganda, Mwabo, Nyamunene, Nyawaronga, Ndindi, Nyamasasa, Lwama, Eke, Kahoho, Luhaha, and Lua.[3][5]

Flooding

The Kalehe floods

Kalehe Territory is highly susceptible to natural disasters, particularly flooding and landslides. Extreme weather conditions, worsened by climate change, bring excessive rainfall and prolonged dry spells.[13] Combined with deforestation and inadequate disaster preparedness, these conditions have increased environmental instability, severely affecting subsistence farmers.[13]

A major disaster occurred between 4 and 5 May 2023, when intense rainfall caused the Lwano and Nyamukubi rivers to overflow, triggering massive mudslides and rockfalls in the Mbinga Sud groupement of Buhavu Chiefdom.[17] The disaster affected two health zones, Bushushu and Nyamukubi, with Nyamukubi experiencing the worst impact, leading to the displacement of its population.[17] Official reports confirmed 438 deaths, while more than 5,000 people remained missing, and thousands were affected. The floods destroyed 1,425 homes in Bushushu, along with 425 houses in Nyamukubi, leaving hundreds injured and worsening the humanitarian crisis.[17] The disaster also inflicted severe damage to infrastructure. Several segments of National Road No. 5—including Luzira, Bushushu, Nyabibwe, Kiniezire, Mokelele, and Minova—were severed, and multiple bridges in Mbinga Sud, Mbinga Nord, and Buzi groupements were destroyed.[17] Agricultural losses were significant, with 344 fields in Nyamukubi and 257 in Bushushu wiped out. Additionally, 207 cows were swept away, food stocks and agricultural stores were destroyed, and essential equipment such as mills and Mayan fishing nets was lost in Lake Kivu.[17] Some local organizations, such as Appui aux Femmes Démunies et Enfants Marginalisés (AFEDEM), provided emergency medical and food aid, though coordination of relief efforts remained insufficient.[17] The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) initiated an assessment mission to update casualty statistics and support response coordination among local authorities and humanitarian actors.[17] Studies indicate that 92% of affected households struggled to meet basic needs, 91% lived below the poverty line, and 71% experienced losses in family, employment, or means of livelihood. Recovery efforts remain stalled due to challenges such as lack of startup capital, restricted access to credit, and the loss of agricultural land.[17]

Administrative divisions

Kalehe Territory is subdivided into two chiefdoms: Buloho and Buhavu. The buhavu chiefdom which is located alongside lake Kivu, is the most populated place of Kalehe.Its populations are "Bantu" and their common language is "Kihavu".The Buhavu is led by a clan called "Bahande".This clan lead majorly villages and urban centres of the chiefdom. WE find in Ihusi, south part of Kalehe,the king's palace (mwami) called Kamirogosa. Note that Nyangezi Mugugu is the father of the journalist Elvis Elisha Nyangezi of the Bubandano Radio in Minova.[18]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Cellule d'Analyses des Indicateurs de Développement". caid.cd (in French). Archived from the original on 26 April 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
  2. ^ "DR Congo: humanitarian situation deteriorates in the Kivus". ICRC. 25 May 2012. Retrieved 2 July 2012.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Territoire de Kalehe – Province du Sud-Kivu" [Kalehe Territory – South Kivu Province]. South Kivu Province (in French). Retrieved 9 February 2025.
  4. ^ Maneno, Anelka Angélus (2015). "Analyse de la performance de la chaîne de valeur manioc dans le groupement de Buzi à Kalehe" [Analysis of the performance of the cassava value chain in the Buzi group in Kalehe] (in French). Bukavu, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB). Retrieved 9 February 2025.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Territoire de Kalehe" [Kalehe Territory]. Archive.org (in French). Cellule d'Analyses des Indicateurs de Développement (CAID). 26 April 2021. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Zihindula, Norbert Muchiga (2020). "Paix et developpement dans le territoire de kalehe au sud-kivu: identification des acteurs, atouts et enjeux" [Peace and development in the Kalehe Territory in South Kivu: identification of actors, assets and challenges] (in French). Lemba, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo: University of Kinshasa. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
  7. ^ a b Bahazabule, Christine Riziki; Mitima, Norbert Kajivunira; Lwango, Faustin Kaningu Shem; Bujiriri, Jean Bulangalire (1 July 2024). "Caractérisation des pentes et occupation du sol dans le groupement d'Irhambi-Katana : analyse topographique et perspectives d'aménagement de la colline Ngoma à Kabamba/Katana, Kabare, Est de la RD Congo". Annales de l'UNIGOM (in French). 14 (1): 314. ISSN 2412-8473.
  8. ^ a b Chamundura, Obediel Mambo (2002). "Les nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication et leur application au développement rural. Cas du territoire de Kalehe en république démocratique du Congo" [New information and communication technologies and their application to rural development. Case of the Kalehe territory in the Democratic Republic of Congo] (in French). Bukavu, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Institut Supérieur de Développement Rural de Bukavu (ISDR-Bukavu). Retrieved 9 February 2025.
  9. ^ a b Thill, Michel; Cimanuka, Abel (February 2020). "Governing local security in the eastern Congo: Decentralization, police reform and interventions in the chieftaincy of Buhavu" (PDF). Rift Valley Institute. p. 22. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
  10. ^ a b Rukakiza, Bosco Muchukiwa (2016). "Identités territoriales et conflits dans la province du Sud-Kivu, R.D. Congo" [Territorial identities and conflicts in South Kivu province, DR Congo] (PDF). Globethics (in French). Geneva, Switzerland. pp. 22–23. ISBN 978-2-88931-112-5. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
  11. ^ a b c Zagabe, Fiston Nshokano (2015). "Exploitation minière et aires protégées, Cas du parc national de Kahuzi Bièga" [Mining and protected areas, Case of the Kahuzi Bièga National Park] (in French). Bukavu, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Institut Supérieur de Développement Rural de Bukavu (ISDR-Bukavu). Retrieved 9 February 2025.
  12. ^ "Aperuçu historique sur le peuple Tembo" [Historical overview of the Tembo people] (PDF). Chitembomedia.com (in French). 2008. p. 5. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
  13. ^ a b c d e f Akilimali, Joel Baraka (1 May 2024). "Le drame de Kalehe, RDC. Etude des interactions entre changement climatique, prévention publique et sécurité humaine dans le Kivu". Revue Congolaise des Sciences Humaines et Sociales. 3 (1): 44–46. ISSN 2957-6393.
  14. ^ A map of South-Kivu Province Showing the territories (Kabare, Kalehe) (Map). Archived from the original on 17 July 2018. from Munyuli, Théodore; et al. (2017). "Farmers′ perceptions, believes, knowledge and management practices of potato pests in South-Kivu Province, eastern of Democratic Republic of Congo". Open Agriculture. 2 (1): 362–385. doi:10.1515/opag-2017-0040.
  15. ^ "Parc National de Kahuzi Biega" (in French). Archived from the original on 17 July 2018.
  16. ^ Kalikone, C.; Borst, A. M.; Nahimana, L.; Nzolang, C.; Nimpagaritse, G.; Batumike, J. M.; Rumanya, R.; Kezimana, L. F.; Delvaux, D.; Dewaele, S. (1 November 2023). "Pegmatite zonation and the use of muscovite as a geochemical indicator for tin-tantalum-tungsten mineralization: Case studies from the Kalehe and Idjwi areas, Democratic Republic of Congo". Journal of African Earth Sciences. 207: 105067. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2023.105067. ISSN 1464-343X.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h Bya'undaombe, Jean-Paul (2024). "Presentation de l'evaluation sur les pertes et dommages cas de la catastrophe naturelle de Kalehe au Sud Kivu en RD-Congo" [Presentation of the assessment of losses and damages in the case of the natural disaster of Kalehe in South Kivu in DR Congo] (PDF). ldyouth.org (in French). Baraka, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Université Espoir du Congo. pp. 2–6. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
  18. ^ Blaes, X. (October 2008). "Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo" (PDF). PNUD-SIG. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 April 2010. Retrieved 9 December 2011.


Quelle: Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalehe_Territory