The year 1517 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.

• A third epidemic of sweating sickness in England hits Oxford and Cambridge.
• German surgeon Hans von Gersdorff publishes his Feldbuch der Wundarzney ("Field book of surgery").

• June 29 – Rembert Dodoens, Flemish physician and botanist (died 1585)
• October 5 – Leonardo Fioravanti, Bolognese physician (died 1588)
• Pierre Belon, French naturalist (died 1564)
• Jacques Pelletier du Mans, French mathematician (died 1582)

• Luca Pacioli, Florentine mathematician (b. c.1447)