Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of East and Southeast Asia
The tables below provide statistics on the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups most commonly found among ethnolinguistic groups and populations from East and South-East Asia.
ST means Sino-Tibetan languages.
Main table
| Population | Language | n | C | D | F | K[nb 1] | N | O1a | O1b | O2 | P | Q | Others | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achang (Lianghe, Yunnan) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 40 | 5.0 | 0 | 2.5 | ≥10.0 | 82.5 | 0 | Shi 2005 Yang 2005 | |||||
| Aeta (Philippines) | Austronesian | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 0 | NO=12, S=60 | Karafet 2015[1] |
| Aini (Xishuangbanna) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 52 | 11.5 | 0 | 3.8 | O2a= 7.7 |
40.4 | 0 | K(xO1a,O2a,O3,P) =34.6, F(xK)=1.9 |
Wen 2004[2] | ||||
| Ainu | Ainu | 16 | 12.5 | 87.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Tajima 2004[3] | |||
| Andamanese | Andamanese | 37 | 0 | 73.0 | 5.4 | 0 | 0 | 2.7 | 5.4 | 10.8 | 0 | Thangaraj 2002[4] | ||
| Balinese (Indonesia) | Austronesian | 551 | 1.8 | 0 | 1.1 | 0 | 18.1 | 58.8 | 6.9 | 0.4 | H=3.4 | Karafet 2005[5] | ||
| Borneo (Indonesia) | Austronesian | 86 | 22.1 | 0 | 2.3 | 0 | 0 | 9.3 | 20.9 | 36.0 | 0 | 0 | H=1.2, R=2.3, S=5.8 | Karafet 2010[6] |
| Chin (Chin State) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 19 | 42.1 | 52.6 | Peng 2014[7] | |||||||||
| South China | ST, HM | 384 | 9.6 | 2.1 | 0.5 | 4.4 | 6.8 | 17.4 | 57.8 | 0.3 | Karafet 2005[5] | |||
| Daur | Altaic (Mongolic) | 39 | 30.8 | 0 | 0 | ≥7.7 | ≥5.1 | 20.5 | 25.6 | 0 | K2a(xN1,O)=2.6 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=2.6 |
Xue 2006[8] | ||
| Deng (Zayü County) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 109 | 1.1 | 2.2 | 1.1 | 94.4 | Kang 2012[9] | |||||||
| East Asia | East Asian languages | 988 | 19.9 | 4.8 | 1.9 | 6.4 | 5.4 | 16.3 | 33.7 | R1a=2.8 | Xue 2006[8] | |||
| Filipino | Austronesian | 50 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 46 | 38 | Tajima 2004[3] | |||||
| Filipino | Austronesian | 115 | 5 | 20 | 28 | 3 | 39 | S=2 | Scheinfeldt 2006[10] | |||||
| Garo | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 71 | 8.5 | 0 | ≥11.3 | 59.2 | 7.0 | H1a=1.4, F(xH,J2,K)=4.2 O(xO2a,O3)=4.2 K(xL,O,P)=4.2 |
Reddy 2007[11] | |||||
| Han (China) | ST (Sinitic) | 166 | 6.0 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 9.0 | 9.6 | 16.3 | 55.4 | 0.6 | Karafet 2005[5] | |||
| Han (Chengdu, Sichuan) | ST (Sinitic) | 34 | 11.8 | 0 | 0 | 2.9 | 14.7 | 17.6 | 52.9 | 0 | Xue 2006[8] | |||
| Han (Meixian, Guangdong) | ST (Sinitic) | 35 | 8.6 | 0 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 20.0 | 14.3 | 51.4 | 0 | Xue 2006[8] | |||
| Han (Harbin, Heilongjiang) | ST (Sinitic) | 35 | 14.3 | 0 | 0 | 5.7 | 2.9 | 8.6 | 65.7 | 0 | J=2.9 | Xue 2006[8] | ||
| Han (Lanzhou, Gansu) | ST (Sinitic) | 30 | 20.0 | 6.7 | 0 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 3.3 | 36.7 | 0 | J=10.0 R1a1=6.7 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=3.3 |
Xue 2006[8] | ||
| Han (Xi'an) | ST (Sinitic) | 34 | 23.53 | 8.82 | 5.88 | 8.82 | 8.82 | 38.24 | 2.94 | R=2.94 | Kim 2011[12] | |||
| Han (Yili, Xinjiang) | ST (Sinitic) | 32 | 6.3 | 3.1 | 9.4 | 0 | 9.4 | 12.5 | 46.9 | R1a1=6.3 P(xR1a1)=3.1 Unknown(xA,C,DE,J,K)=2.9 |
Xue 2006[8] | |||
| Han (Taiwan) | ST (Sinitic) | 183 | 6.3 | 0.3 | 22.4 | 8.5 | 58.2 | 1.1 | Tsai 2001[13] | |||||
| Hani (China) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 34 | 17.6 | 0 | 0 | 11.8 | 0 | 50.0 | 17.6 | 0 | Unknown(xA,C,DE,J,K)=2.9 | Xue 2006[8] | ||
| Hezhe (China) | Altaic (Tungusic) | 45 | 28.9 | 0 | 0 | 17.8 | 0 | 6.7 | 44.4 | 0 | K2a(xN1,O)=2.2 | Xue 2006[8] | ||
| Hmong–Mien (China) | Hmong–Mien | 169 | 8.9 | 3.6 | 0 | 1.2 | 3.6 | 22.5 | 61.5 | 0 | Karafet 2005[5] | |||
| Hui (Ningxia, China) | Sino-Tibetan | 54 | 1.9 | R1b = 3.7; R1a = 11.1; J = 9.3; L = 1.9 |
Karafet 2001[14] | |||||||||
| Northeast India | Tibeto-Burman | 173 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 0 | 86.7 | 0 | H=2.9 | Cordaux 2004[15] | ||||
| East Indonesia | Austronesian, Papuan | 344 | 61.9 | 0 | 10.5 | 2.6 | 7.3 | S=11,M=4 | Mona 2009[16] | |||||
| Japan | Japanese | 259 | 8.5 | 34.8 | 0 | 0 | 1.6 | 0 | 31.6 | 20.1 | 0 | 0.4 | NO=2.3, I=0.4, R=0.4 | Hammer 2005[17] |
| Japan | Japanese | 263 | 5.3 | 39.2 | 0 | 0.8 | 3.4 | 34.2 | 16.7 | 0.4 | 0 | Nonaka 2007[18] | ||
| Japan | Japanese | 2390 | C1=4.7 C2=6.1 |
32.2 | 0.2 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 33.1 | 19.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Sato 2014[19] |
| Japan (Kyushu) | Japanese | 53 | 7.5 | 25.7 | 0 | 0 | 3.8 | 0 | 35.8 | 26.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Hammer 2005[17] |
| Japan (Tokushima) | Japanese | 70 | 12.8 | 25.7 | 0 | 0 | 7.1 | 0 | 32.9 | 21.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Hammer 2005[17] |
| Japan (Tokyo) | Japanese | 56 | 36.0 | 3.2 | 18.0 | Poznik et al. (2016)[20] | ||||||||
| Japan (Kantō) | Japanese | 137 | 3.6 | 48.2 | 0 | 0 | 2.2 | 3.07 | 14.5 | 0.7 | Nonaka 2007[18] | |||
| Western Japan | Japanese | 97 | 7.2 | 26.8 | 4.1 | 37.1 | 23.9 | 0 | Nonaka 2007[18] | |||||
| Java | Austronesian | 53 | 1.9 | 0 | 1.9 | 0 | 22.6 | 41.5 | 22.6 | R1=3.8 | Kayser 2002[21] | |||
| Khalkh | Altaic (Mongolic) | 85 | 56.5 | 3.5 | 2.4[22] | 0 | 0 | 18.8 | J=2.4, N1c=4.7 P(xR1a1)=4.7 R1a1=3.5 K(xN1c,O,P)=3.5 |
Katoh 2004[23] | ||||
| Korea | Korean | 317 | 9.1 | 0 | 4.1 | 30.3 | 44.5 | 0.6 | Shin 2001[24] | |||||
| Korea | Korean | 110 | 15.5 | 0 | 5.5 | 2.7 | 28.2 | 45.5 | K(xNO)=1.8 | Kim 2007[25] | ||||
| Koreans (China) | Korean | 25 | 12.0 | 0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 0 | 32.0 | 40.0 | 0 | BT(xC,DE,J,K)=8.0 | Xue 2006[8] | ||
| Koreans (Korea) | Korean | 43 | 16.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 0 | 30.2 | 39.5 | P(xR1a1)=2.3 J=2.3 |
Xue 2006[8] | ||||
| Koreans (Seoul-Gyeonggi) | Korean | 110 | 13.6 | 0.9 | 1.8 | 0.9 | 28.2 | 50.9 | 2.7 | L=0.9 | Kim 2011[12] | |||
| Koreans (Gangwon) | Korean | 63 | 12.7 | 6.4 | 1.6 | 39.7 | 38.1 | 1.6 | Kim 2011[12] | |||||
| Koreans (Chungcheong) | Korean | 72 | 11.1 | 1.4 | 4.2 | 1.4 | 30.6 | 50 | 1.4 | Kim 2011[12] | ||||
| Koreans (Jeolla) | Korean | 90 | 13.3 | 3.3 | 4.4 | 1.1 | 33.3 | 43.3 | L=1.1 | Kim 2011[12] | ||||
| Koreans (Gyeongsang) | Korean | 84 | 16.7 | 2.4 | 4.8 | 2.4 | 33.3 | 36.9 | 1.2 | L=1.2 R=1.2 |
Kim 2011[12] | |||
| Koreans (Jeju) | Korean | 87 | 8.1 | 1.2 | 6.9 | 5.8 | 32.2 | 43.7 | 1.2 | R=1.2 | Kim 2011[12] | |||
| South Korea | Korean | 506 | 12.6 | 1.6 | 0 | 4.5 | 1.8 | 32.4 | 44.3 | 1.4 | L=0.6, R=0.4 | Kim 2011[12] | ||
| South Korea | Korean | 706 | 12.9 | 2.5 | 0 | 3.8 | 3.1 | 33.4 | 42.1 | 1.8 | R=0.1, J1=0.1 | Park 2012[26] | ||
| Lhoba (Mainling County) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 61 | 0 | 20.8 | 0 | 34.6 | 33.8 | 0.8 | J=0.8, R=7.7 O(xO3)=1.5 |
Kang 2012[9] | ||||
| Island South East Asia | Austronesian | 312 | 15.7 | 24.4 | 23.7 | 14.1 | 18.6 | M1=5.4 | Capelli 2001[27] | |||||
| Island South East Asia | Austronesian, Papuan | 272 | 9.9 | 8.8 | 20.2 | 18.7 | 22.1 | S=4, M=3 | Kayser 2006[28] | |||||
| Austronesian | 50 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 32 | 30 | M=2 | Scheinfeldt 2006[10] | ||||
| Manchu | Sinitic, Tungusic | 101 | 16.8 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 33.7 | 42.6 | O*(xO1,O2b,O3) =1.0, P*(xR1a)=1.0 |
Katoh 2004[23] | |||||
| Manchu | Sinitic, Tungusic | 35 | 25.7 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 14.3 | 2.9 | 14.3 | 37.1 | 0 | Xue 2006[8] | |||
| Mongolia | Mongolic | 149 | 8.1 | G=0.7; J=2.7 | Hammer 2005[17] | |||||||||
| Mongolia | Mongolic | 65 | 53.0 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 10.6 | 0 | 1.5 | 10.6 | 4.5 | R1=9.1 | Xue 2006[8] | ||
| Inner Mongolia | Mongolic, Sinitic | 45 | 46.7 | 0 | 4.4 | 13.3 | 0 | 2.2 | 28.9 | 0 | Xue 2006[8] | |||
| Naga (Myanmar) | Tibeto-Burman | 15 | 100 | Peng 2014[7] | ||||||||||
| Negritos (Philippines) | Austronesian | 64 | 10.8 | 50.8 | 13.8 | 4.6 | O(xM122)=18.5, others=1.5 | Heyer 2013[29] | ||||||
| Oroqen | Tungusic | 31 | 61.3 | 0 | 3.2 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 19.4 | 0 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=3.2 | Xue 2006[8] | |||
| Qiang | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 33 | 0 | 18.2 | 0 | 0 | 15.2 | 15.2 | 36.4 | BT(xC,DE,J,K)=9.1 P(xR1a1)=6.1 |
Xue 2006[8] | |||
| Sibe | Tungusic | 41 | 26.8 | 2.4 | 4.9 | 17.1 | 7.3 | 2.4 | 26.8 | J=7.3 P(xR1a1)=2.4 BT(xC,DE,J,K)=2.4 |
Xue 2006[8] | |||
| Sulawesi | Austronesian | 54 | 22.2 | 0 | 5.6 | 7.4 | 0 | 21.4 | 13.0 | 16.7 | 0 | 0 | R=3.7, M=3.7, S=5.6 | Karafet 2010[6] |
| Sumatra | Austronesian | 57 | 5.3 | 1.8 | 0.2 | 3.5 | 0 | 17.5 | 14 | 29.8 | S=3 | Kayser 2006[28] | ||
| Taiwanese aborigines | Austronesian | 246 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66.3 | 10.6 | 11.0 | Capelli 2001[27] | ||||
| Thai | Tai–Kadai | 34 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 0 | 0 | 8.8 | 35.3 | O(xO1,O3)=44.1 | Tajima 2004[3] | ||||
| Tibet | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 156 | 2.6 | 51.6 | 0 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 | 33.9 | 3.2 | H=1.9, R1a=1.9 | Gayden 2007[30] | ||
| Tibetans (Lhasa, Tibet) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 46 | 8.7 | 41.3 | 4.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.2 | 39.1 | 4.3 | Wen 2004[2] | ||
| Tibetans (Zhongdian, Yunnan) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 50 | 4.0 | 36.0 | 12.0 | 0 | 4.0 | 44.0 | 0 | Wen 2004[31] | ||||
| Tibetans (Yushu, Qinghai) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 92 | 14.1 | 22.8 | 14.1 | 21.7 | 1.1 | 19.6 | 6.5 | Wen 2004[2] | ||||
| Tibetans (Guide, Qinghai) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 39 | 2.6 | 48.7 | 5.1[32] | 7.7 | 0 | 10.3 | J=5.1, R1a1=2.6 P(xR1a1)=2.6 |
Zhou 2008[33] | ||||
| Tibetans | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 35 | 0 | 42.9 | 0 | 8.6 | 0 | 0 | 40.0 | 0 | R1a1=8.6 | Xue 2006[8] | ||
| Tibeto-Burman | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 964 | 8.4 | 18.5 | 5.4 | 17.7 | 3.1 | 6.3 | 38.7 | Wen 2004[2] | ||||
| Tujia (Hunan) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 155 | 15.5 | 1.3 | 12.9 | 9.7 | 3.9 | 53.5 | 1.9 | Wen 2004[2] | ||||
| Uyghur | Altaic (Turkic) | 70 | 7.1 | 1.4 | 7.1 | 8.6 | 1.4 | 0 | 11.4 | others=63 | Xue 2006[8] | |||
| Vietnamese | Austroasiatic | 70 | 4.3 | 2.9 | 0 | 2.9 | 5.7 | 32.9 | 40.0 | 7.1 | J=2.9 | Karafet 2005[5] | ||
| Yao (Bama, Guangxi) | Hmong–Mien | 35 | 17.1 | 2.9 | 0 | 2.9 | 40.0 | 34.3 | 0 | K2a(xN1,O)=2.9 | Xue 2006[8] | |||
| Yao (Liannan, Guangdong) | Hmong–Mien | 35 | 2.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5.7 | 8.6 | 82.9 | 0 | Xue 2006[8] | |||
| Yi (Sichuan, Yunnan) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 125 | 5.6 | 0.8 | 18 | 28.0 | 0.8 | 7.2 | 28.8 | Wen 2004[2] | ||||
| Zakhchin | Altaic (Mongolic) | 60 | 46.7 | 3.3 | 1.7[34] | N1c= 3.3 |
0 | O2b= 3.3 |
8.3 | R1a1=13.3 O(xO1a,O2b,O3) =8.3, J=1.7 P(xR1a1)=5.0 K(xN1c,O,P)=5.0 |
Katoh 2004[23] | |||
| Zhuang (Yongbei) | Tai–Kadai | 23 | 8.7 | 4.35 | 4.35 | 17.39 | 30.44 | 17.4 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=21.704 | Chen 2006[35] | ||||
| Zhuang (Youjiang) | Tai–Kadai | 5 | 40 | 20 | 20 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=20 | Chen 2006[35] | |||||||
| Zhuang (Tianlin) | Tai–Kadai | 22 | 4.55 | 72.73 | 9.1 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=13.64 | Chen 2006[35] | |||||||
| Bouyei (Guibian) | Tai–Kadai | 4 | 25 | 25 | 25 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=25 | Chen 2006[35] | |||||||
| Zhuang (Hongshuihe) | Tai–Kadai | 39 | 2.56 | 5.13 | 5.13 | 10.26 | 12.82 | 41.02 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=23.08 | Chen 2006[35] | ||||
| Zhuang (Guibei) | Tai–Kadai | 21 | 4.76 | 4.76 | 4.76 | 4.76 | 9.52 | 28.58 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=38.1 | Chen 2006[35] | ||||
| Zhuang (Yongnan) | Tai–Kadai | 19 | 5.26 | 10.53 | 21.06 | 42.1 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=15.79 | Chen 2006[35] | ||||||
| Tay (Zuojiang) | Tai–Kadai | 15 | 6.67 | 40 | 20 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=33.33 | Chen 2006[35] | |||||||
| Zhuang (Shangsi) | Tai–Kadai | 15 | 20 | 66.67 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=13.33 | Chen 2006[35] | ||||||||
| Nung (Dejing) | Tai–Kadai | 3 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=100 | Chen 2006[35] |
Austronesian and Tai-Kadai
The following is a table of Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup frequencies of Austro-Tai peoples (i.e., Tai-Kadai peoples and Austronesian peoples).[36]
| Ethnolinguistic group | Language branch | n | C | D (xD1) |
D1 | F(xK) | M | K[nb 2] | O (xO1a, O1b1a1a,O2) |
O1a(xO1a2) | O1a2 (M110/M50) | O1b1a1a (xO1b1a1a1a1a) |
O1b1a1a1a1a (M111/M88) | O2 (xO2a1a1a1a1, O2a2a1a2, O2a2b1a1) |
O2a1a1a1a1 (M121) | O2a2a1a2[broken anchor] (M7) | O2a2b1 (xO2a2b1a1) |
O2a2b1a1 (M117) | P (inc. Q & R) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bolyu | Austroasiatic (Pakanic) | 30 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 3.3 | 23.3 | 30.0 | 6.7 | 10.0 | ||||||||
| Buyang (Yerong) | Tai-Kadai (Kra) | 16 | 62.5 | 6.3 | 18.8 | 12.5 | |||||||||||||
| Qau (Bijie) | Tai-Kadai (Kra) | 13 | 15.4 | 7.7 | 23.1 | 15.4 | 30.8 | 7.7 | |||||||||||
| Blue Gelao (Longlin) | Tai-Kadai (Kra) | 30 | 3.3 | 13.3 | 60.0 | 16.7 | 3.3 | 3.3 | |||||||||||
| Lachi | Tai-Kadai (Kra) | 30 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 16.7 | 6.7 | 10.0 | 3.3 | 6.7 | 23.3 | |||||||
| Mulao (Majiang) | Tai-Kadai (Kra) | 30 | 10.0 | 3.3 | 13.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 63.3 | 3.3 | ||||||||||
| Red Gelao (Dafang) | Tai-Kadai (Kra) | 31 | 3.2 | 6.5 | 22.6 | 22.6 | 16.1 | 12.9 | 16.1 | ||||||||||
| White Gelao (Malipo) | Tai-Kadai (Kra) | 14 | 35.7 | 14.3 | 42.9 | 7.1 | |||||||||||||
| Hlai (Qi, Tongza) | Tai-Kadai (Hlai) | 34 | 35.3 | 32.4 | 29.4 | 2.9 | |||||||||||||
| Jiamao | Tai-Kadai (Hlai) | 27 | 25.9 | 51.9 | 22.2 | ||||||||||||||
| Paha | Tai-Kadai (Kra) | 32 | 3.1 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 9.4 | 3.1 | 71.9 | |||||||||||
| Cun | Tai-Kadai (Hlai) | 31 | 3.2 | 6.5 | 9.7 | 38.7 | 38.7 | 3.2 | |||||||||||
| Qabiao | Tai-Kadai (Kra) | 25 | 32.0 | 4.0 | 60.0 | 4.0 | |||||||||||||
| Caolan | Tai-Kadai (Central Tai) | 30 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 53.3 | 3.3 | 20.0 | 3.3 | |||||||||||
| Zhuang, Northern (Wuming) | Tai-Kadai (Northern Tai) | 22 | 13.6 | 4.6 | 72.7 | 4.6 | 4.6 | ||||||||||||
| Zhuang, Southern (Chongzuo) | Tai-Kadai (Central Tai) | 15 | 13.3 | 20.0 | 60.0 | 6.7 | |||||||||||||
| Lingao | Tai-Kadai (Be) | 30 | 3.3 | 16.7 | 26.7 | 13.3 | 3.3 | 10.0 | 26.7 | ||||||||||
| E | Tai-Kadai (Northern Tai) | 31 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 9.7 | 16.1 | 6.5 | 54.8 | 3.2 | 3.2 | |||||||||
| Lakkia | Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) | 23 | 4.4 | 52.2 | 4.4 | 8.7 | 26.1 | 4.4 | |||||||||||
| Kam (Sanjiang) | Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) | 38 | 21.1 | 5.3 | 10.5 | 39.5 | 10.5 | 2.6 | 10.5 | ||||||||||
| Sui (Rongshui) | Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) | 50 | 8.0 | 10.0 | 18.0 | 44.0 | 20.0 | ||||||||||||
| Mak & Ai-Cham | Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) | 40 | 2.5 | 87.5 | 5.0 | 2.5 | 2.5 | ||||||||||||
| Mulam | Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) | 40 | 2.5 | 12.5 | 7.5 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 25.0 | 30.0 | 7.5 | 5.0 | ||||||||
| Maonan | Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) | 32 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 15.6 | 56.3 | 9.4 | ||||||||||||
| Biao | Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) | 34 | 2.9 | 5.9 | 14.7 | 17.7 | 52.9 | 5.9 | |||||||||||
| Then | Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) | 30 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 33.3 | 50.0 | 6.7 | 3.3 | |||||||||||
| Tanka (Lingshui) | Sinitic | 40 | 20.0 | 5.0 | 2.5 | 7.5 | 17.5 | 7.5 | 5.0 | 17.5 | 2.5 | 15.0 | |||||||
| Cao Miao | Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) | 33 | 8.2 | 10.0 | 3.0 | 66.7 | 12.1 | ||||||||||||
| Amis | Austronesian (Formosan) | 28 | 7.1 | 42.8 | 17.8 | 7.1 | 21.4 | 3.6 | |||||||||||
| Pazeh | Austronesian (Formosan) | 21 | 14.3 | 38.1 | 19.1 | 14.3 | 14.3 | ||||||||||||
| Siraya (Makatao) | Austronesian (Formosan) | 37 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 5.4 | 70.3 | 5.4 | 13.5 | |||||||||||
| Thao | Austronesian (Formosan) | 22 | 4.6 | 81.8 | 4.6 | 9.1 | |||||||||||||
| Paiwan | Austronesian (Formosan) | 22 | 63.6 | 27.3 | 9.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Atayal | Austronesian (Formosan) | 22 | 95.5 | 4.5 | |||||||||||||||
| Rukai | Austronesian (Formosan) | 11 | 81.8 | 18.2 | |||||||||||||||
| Puyuma | Austronesian (Formosan) | 11 | 72.7 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.1 | |||||||||||||
| Tsou | Austronesian (Formosan) | 18 | 88.9 | 5.6 | 5.6 | ||||||||||||||
| Bunun | Austronesian (Formosan) | 17 | 5.9 | 17.6 | 58.8 | 17.6 | |||||||||||||
| Saisiyat | Austronesian (Formosan) | 11 | 45.5 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 27.3 | ||||||||||||
| Batak | Austronesian (Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands) | 13 | 11.6 | 19.3 | 23.1 | 15.4 | 23.1 | 7.7 | |||||||||||
| Bangka | Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) | 13 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 30.8 | 23.1 | 23.1 | 7.7 | |||||||||||
| Malay (Riau) | Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) | 13 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 38.5 | 7.7 | 23.1 | 7.7 | ||||||||||
| Minangkabau | Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) | 15 | 6.7 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 13.3 | 20.0 | 20.0 | |||||||||||
| Palembang | Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) | 11 | 9.1 | 63.6 | 18.2 | 9.1 | |||||||||||||
| Nias | Austronesian (Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands) | 12 | 8.3 | 91.7 | |||||||||||||||
| Dayak (Kalimantan Tengah) | Austronesian (Bornean) | 15 | 6.7 | 26.7 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 13.3 | ||||||||||
| Banjar | Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) | 15 | 13.3 | 6.7 | 26.7 | 26.7 | 26.7 | ||||||||||||
| Javanese | Austronesian (Javanese) | 15 | 26.7 | 26.7 | 20.0 | 13.3 | 13.3 | ||||||||||||
| Tengger | Austronesian (Javanese) | 12 | 16.7 | 8.3 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 8.3 | ||||||||||||
| Balinese | Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) | 14 | 28.6 | 14.3 | 7.1 | 28.6 | 14.3 | 7.1 | |||||||||||
| Bugis | Austronesian (South Sulawesi) | 15 | 13.3 | 20.0 | 33.3 | 26.7 | 6.7 | ||||||||||||
| Torajan | Austronesian (South Sulawesi) | 15 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 6.7 | 33.3 | 6.7 | ||||||||||
| Minahasa | Austronesian (Philippine) | 14 | 7.1 | 50.0 | 21.4 | 7.1 | 14.3 | ||||||||||||
| Makassar | Austronesian (South Sulawesi) | 13 | 23.1 | 30.8 | 15.4 | 7.7 | 23.1 | ||||||||||||
| Kaili | Austronesian (Celebic) | 15 | 6.7 | 33.3 | 20.0 | 6.7 | 26.7 | 6.7 | |||||||||||
| Sasak | Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) | 15 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 26.7 | 6.7 | 20.0 | 20.0 | |||||||||||
| Sumbawa | Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) | 18 | 16.7 | 83.3 | |||||||||||||||
| Sumba | Austronesian (CEMP) | 14 | 14.3 | 78.6 | 7.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Alor | Trans–New Guinea | 13 | 38.5 | 30.7 | 23.1 | 7.7 | |||||||||||||
| Cenderawasih (Geelvink Bay) |
Austronesian (CEMP) | 11 | 45.5 | 36.4 | 18.2 | ||||||||||||||
| Cham (Binh Dinh) |
Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) | 11 | 9.1 | 90.9 | |||||||||||||||
| Utsuls | Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) | 31 | 12.9 | 16.1 | 58.1 | 3.2 | 6.5 | 3.2 |
Tibeto-Burman branch of Sino-Tibetan
The following table of Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup frequencies of Tibeto-Burman-speaking peoples of western and southwestern China is from Wen, et al. (2004).[2]
| Population | n | C-M130 | D* | D1-M15 | F(xK) | K(xO,P1) | O2 (M122) | O2a2b1 (M134) | O1a (M119) | O1b1a1a (M95) | P1 (M45) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tibetan (Qinghai) | 92 | 14.13 | 20.65 | 2.17 | 14.13 | 21.74 | 5.43 | 14.13 | 1.09 | 6.52 | |
| Tibetan (Tibet 1) | 75 | 2.67 | 33.33 | 16 | 2.67 | 5.33 | 1.33 | 32 | 6.67 | ||
| Tibetan (Tibet 2) | 46 | 8.7 | 23.91 | 17.39 | 4.35 | 4.35 | 34.78 | 2.17 | 4.35 | ||
| Tibetan (Diqing) | 27 | 44.44 | 3.7 | 14.81 | 7.41 | 29.63 | |||||
| Tibetan (Zhongdian) | 49 | 2.04 | 28.57 | 8.16 | 2.04 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 34.69 | 4.08 | ||
| Bai (Dali) | 61 | 8.2 | 1.64 | 4.92 | 18.03 | 16.39 | 34.43 | 4.92 | 11.48 | ||
| Lisu (Fugong) | 49 | 2.04 | 22.45 | 4.08 | 61.22 | 8.16 | 2.04 | ||||
| Nakhi | 40 | 2.5 | 37.5 | 7.5 | 2.5 | 5 | |||||
| Nu | 28 | 3.57 | 3.57 | 14.29 | 71.43 | 7.14 | |||||
| Pumi | 47 | 6.38 | 70.21 | 2.13 | 6.38 | 2.13 | 6.38 | 4.26 | 2.13 | ||
| Yi (Liangshan) | 14 | 14.29 | 42.86 | 21.43 | 7.14 | 14.29 | |||||
| Yi (Shuangbai) | 50 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 38 | 16 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | |
| Yi (Butuo) | 43 | 2.33 | 16.28 | 4.65 | 34.88 | 4.65 | 27.91 | 9.3 | |||
| Aini (Xishuangbanna) | 52 | 11.54 | 1.92 | 34.62 | 26.92 | 13.46 | 3.85 | 7.69 | |||
| Bai (Xishuangbanna) | 20 | 2 | 3 | 25 | 15 | 1 | |||||
| Hani (Xishuangbanna) | 34 | 11.76 | 35.29 | 32.35 | 14.71 | 2.94 | 2.94 | ||||
| Jino | 36 | 13.89 | 5.56 | 36.11 | 19.44 | 19.44 | 5.56 | ||||
| Lahu (Simao) | 13 | 15.38 | 30.77 | 15.38 | 15.38 | 15.38 | 7.69 | ||||
| Lahu (Xishuangbanna) | 15 | 6.67 | 2 | 33.33 | 6.67 | 2 | 13.33 | ||||
| Yi (Xishuangbanna) | 18 | 11.11 | 5.56 | 33.33 | 27.78 | 16.67 | 5.56 | ||||
| Tujia (western Hunan) | 68 | 14.71 | 2.94 | 10.29 | 29.41 | 26.47 | 7.35 | 8.82 | |||
| Tujia (Yongshun) | 38 | 5.26 | 2.63 | 23.68 | 39.47 | 10.53 | 15.79 | 2.63 | |||
| Tujia (Jishou) | 49 | 24.49 | 2.04 | 8.16 | 30.61 | 22.45 | 8.16 | 4.08 |
See also
- Y-DNA haplogroups by group
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Central and North Asia
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Oceania
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Near East
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of North Africa
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Caucasus
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Sub-Saharan Africa
- Y-DNA haplogroups in indigenous peoples of the Americas
- Far East
Notes
References
- ^ Karafet, T., Mendez, F., Sudoyo, H. et al. Improved phylogenetic resolution and rapid diversification of Y-chromosome haplogroup K-M526 in Southeast Asia. Eur J Hum Genet 23, 369–373 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2014.106
- ^ a b c d e f g Bo Wen 2004, Analyses of Genetic Structure of Tibeto-Burman Populations Reveals Sex-Biased Admixture in Southern Tibeto-Burmans
- ^ a b c Atsushi Tajima; et al. (March 2, 2004). "Genetic origins of the Ainu inferred from combined DNA analyses of maternal and paternal lineages". Journal of Human Genetics. 49 (4): 187–193. doi:10.1007/s10038-004-0131-x. OCLC 110247689. PMID 14997363.
- ^ Kumarasamy Thangaraj et al 2002, Genetic Affinities of the Andaman Islanders, a Vanishing Human Population Archived October 29, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
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- ^ a b Cristian Capelli et al 2001, A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania
- ^ a b Manfred Kayser et al 2006, Melanesian and Asian Origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y Chromosome Gradients Across the Pacific
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- ^ Tenzin Gayden et al 2007, The Himalayas as a Directional Barrier to Gene Flow
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